Assessing avionics-based GNSS integrity augmentation performance in UAS mission- and safety-critical tasks

Abstract

Abstract-The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrity augmentation functionalities in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has the potential to provide an integrity-augmented Sense-and-Avoid (SAA) solution suitable for cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. In this paper, we evaluate the opportunities offered by this integration, proposing a novel approach that maximizes the synergies between Avionics Based Integrity Augmentation (ABIA) and UAS cooperative/non-cooperative SAA architectures. When the specified collision risk thresholds are exceeded, an avoidance manoeuvre is performed by implementing a heading-based differential geometry or pseudospectral optimization to generate a set of optimal trajectory solutions free of mid-air conflicts. The optimal trajectory is selected using a cost function with minimum time constraints and fuel penalty criteria weighted for separation distance. The optimal avoidance trajectory also considers the constraints imposed by the ABIA in terms of UAS platform dynamics and GNSS satellite elevation angles (plus jamming avoidance when applicable), thus preventing degradation or loss of navigation data during the Track, Decision and Avoidance (TDA) process. The performance of this IntegrityAugmented SAA (IAS) architecture was evaluated by simulation case studies involving cooperative and noncooperative platforms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IAS architecture is capable of performing highintegrity conflict detection and resolution when GNSS is used as the primary source of navigation data.

Low-Cost RPAS Navigation and Guidance System using Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter

“…The novel Fuzzy/PID controller implemented for the NGS design was also described. Future research will address uncertainty analysis and possible synergies of the U-VIGA and SR-U-VIGA architectures with GNSS Avionics -Based Integrity Augmentation (ABIA) systems [39].…”

“…The requirements for RPAS to be integrated into all classes of airspace are illustrated in Figure 1. Enhanced surveillance solutions based on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) are required for addressing cooperative DAA functions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The Performance Based Navigation (PBN) concept specifies that aircraft RNP and area navigation (RNAV) requirements have to be met for all flight phases [11].…”

Blockchain Methods for Trusted Avionics Systems

“…• Jamming: Transmitting high power signals to impede reception of radio frequency/electro-optical (RF/EO) signals (i.e., degrading accuracy and continuity) [84]. • Spoofing/Meaconing: Synthesizing and transmitting a false signal [57] to deceive a target RF/EO sensors positioning and/or tracking data; Meaconing refers to capturing legitimate RF/EO signal and rebroadcasting with alterations (e.g., time delay), affecting the RF/EO sensor estimation accuracy, continuity and/or integrity (e.g., GNSS [74], [96]). • Denial of Service (DoS): DoS attacks can be launched at any layer of an avionics system.…”

“…• Command Injection: Overtaking control by interjection of access such as Buffer-Overflow Attack [51]. • False Data Injection: Manipulating the data such as a data reply attack with available or new information [74]. • Network Isolation: Shutting down services to disconnect the proper communication functions such as an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Cache Poisoning approach [74].…”

“…• False Data Injection: Manipulating the data such as a data reply attack with available or new information [74]. • Network Isolation: Shutting down services to disconnect the proper communication functions such as an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Cache Poisoning approach [74]. • Packet Access: Sniffing and fuzzifying the packets that contain the data for direct access of to intend for additional information transfer to other systems [74].…”