Assessing and reducing the environmental impact of dairy production systems in the northern US in a changing climate

Veltman, Karin; Rotz, C. Alan; Chase, L.E.; Cooper, Joyce; Forest, Chris E.; Ingraham, Pete; Izaurralde, R. C.; Jones, Curtis D.; Nicholas, Robert E.; Ruark, Matthew D.; Salas, William

doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103170

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Areas in northern latitudes are expected to experience the most climate change, with a greater temperature warming and precipitation increase than areas of lower latitudes (Zhang et al., 2019). By mid‐century, mean annual temperatures are projected to increase by 1.5–3.3°C in the northeastern United States (Pennsylvania and New York; Rotz et al., 2016b; Veltman et al., 2021) but by 2.4–5.4°C in eastern Canada (He et al., 2019; Jing et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2013; Thivierge et al., 2017). In most studies, a greater temperature increase is projected in winter than in summer, lessening differences among seasons (Bootsma et al., 2005; Cordeiro et al., 2019; Dupigny‐Giroux et al., 2018; Jing et al., 2013; Lynch et al., 2016).…”

Section: Expected Climate Change In Cold and Humid Areas Of Northeast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of days with very high temperatures (maximum temperature ≥ 28°C) is projected to increase by 15–42 days in eastern Canada (Thivierge et al., 2017) and the northeastern United States (Veltman et al., 2021). Higher temperatures will lead to increased evapotranspiration in summer months, and despite higher or similar precipitation during the growing season (Hayhoe et al., 2007; Jing et al., 2013; Qian et al., 2013; Thivierge et al., 2016), increased plant water stresses are projected in both the northeastern United States and eastern Canada (Hayhoe et al., 2007; Thivierge et al., 2016).…”

Section: Expected Climate Change In Cold and Humid Areas Of Northeast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential increase in crop yields under climate change in cold and humid areas will likely require greater N applications to compensate for the additional N export through harvest, except for perennial legume crops or legume‐based mixtures (Brassard & Singh, 2008; Rotz et al., 2016b; Smith et al., 2013; Thivierge et al., 2017; Veltman et al., 2021). Adjustments, mostly increases, of N fertilizer/manure applications were considered for future scenarios in many modeling studies, specifically on perennial grasses (Rotz et al., 2016b; Veltman et al., 2021) or forage corn (Payant et al., 2021; Thivierge et al., 2017; Veltman et al., 2021).…”

Section: Adaptation and Resilience‐building Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change also may exacerbate the environmental impact of dairy farms in the cold and humid areas of eastern Canada and northeastern United States (Rotz et al., 2016b; Thivierge et al., 2017; Veltman et al., 2021). Perennial forages have a greater potential than annual crops for soil C sequestration (Gregorich et al., 2001; Liang et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perennial forages in cold‐humid areas: Adaptation and resilience‐building strategies toward climate change

et al. 2023

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In the continental cold and humid areas of northeastern North America, climate change by mid‐century may increase the yield potential of perennial forage species as a result of increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, and a longer growing season compared to the 1990−2000 period. More winter thaws and less snow cover along with more summer drought events, however, may reduce winter survival and summer regrowth, thus potentially reducing the persistence of perennial forages over time. Based on nearly two decades of research on the effects of climate change on forages in cold and humid areas of northeastern North America, through field experiments and modeling, we summarize in this review the expected effects of climate change on forage production in terms of yield, nutritive value, and winter survival. We also propose a set of 12 adaptation and resilience‐building strategies for forage systems that can be implemented at the field and farm levels. Research priorities for the future, including the improvement of species, forage management practices, and modeling tools, are also identified. Implementing strategies to alleviate or take advantage of the effects of a changing climate may improve productivity and resilience of well‐adapted forage systems in cold and humid areas.

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Section: Expected Climate Change In Cold and Humid Areas Of Northeast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expected Climate Change In Cold and Humid Areas Of Northeast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation and Resilience‐building Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perennial forages in cold‐humid areas: Adaptation and resilience‐building strategies toward climate change

et al. 2023

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“…Dairy production systems were simulated in each region using the IFSM software tool 37 (additional details about the model are given in Supplementary Information). Of the modelling candidates listed above, IFSM has been well used in modelling nutrient transformation and loss across all our systems [73][74][75] . This whole-farm model simulates crop production, feed use and the return of manure nutrients back to the land for up to 25 years of daily weather.…”

Section: Isfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems

McDowell

Rotz

Oenema³

et al. 2022

Nat Food

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Pasture-based and grass-fed branding are often associated with consumer perceptions of improved human health, environmental performance and animal welfare. Here, to examine the impacts of dairy production in detail, we contrasted global observational (n = 156) data for nitrogen and phosphorus losses from land by the duration of outdoor livestock grazing in confined, grazed and hybrid systems. Observational nitrogen losses for confined systems were lowest on a productivity—but not area—basis. No differences were noted for phosphorus losses between the systems. Modelling of the three dairy systems in New Zealand, the United States and the Netherlands yielded similar results. We found insufficient evidence that grazed dairy systems have lower nutrient losses than confined ones, but trade-offs exist between systems at farm scale. The use of a hybrid system may allow for uniform distribution of stored excreta, controlled dietary intake, high productivity and mitigation of animal welfare issues arising from climatic extremes.

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Fifty years of environmental progress for United States dairy farms

Rotz,

Beegle,

Bernard

et al. 2024

Journal of Dairy Science

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Assessing and reducing the environmental impact of dairy production systems in the northern US in a changing climate

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Perennial forages in cold‐humid areas: Adaptation and resilience‐building strategies toward climate change

Perennial forages in cold‐humid areas: Adaptation and resilience‐building strategies toward climate change

Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems

Fifty years of environmental progress for United States dairy farms

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