Assessing and protecting endangered marine species

Powles, Howard; Bradford, Michael J.; Bradford, R. G.; Doubleday, W. G.; Innes, S.; Levings, C. D.

doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0711

Cited by 97 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, the critical (unsafe) zone for fisheries management would contain an area of high risk of extinction, as well as an area where productivity is impaired but extinction risks are not high (Powles et al 2000). Misalignments between management reference points and conservation thresholds are an issue of concern for agencies that are legally accountable to conservation status, but typically make annual fishery decisions based on management reference points (Dulvy et al 2003;Davies & Baum 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing benchmarks of biological status from management reference points: A case study on Pacific salmon in Canada

Holt

Irvine

2013

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYFor fisheries with multiple, competing objectives, identifying and applying reference points for management can present difficult trade-offs between long-term biological and shorter-term socioeconomic considerations. The term biological benchmarks is proposed to demarcate zones of population status based on conservation and production considerations. These scientifically derived benchmarks contrast with management reference points that generally require additional shorter-term socioeconomic information best obtained through public consultations. This paper illustrates the distinction between biological benchmarks and management reference points with a case study on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). In Canada, the management and assessment of wild Pacific salmon are guided by a major 2005 conservation policy, which calls for the identification of biological benchmarks to categorize status of demographically isolated populations, and decision-support tools, such as management reference points, to integrate biological information with appropriate social and economic information. In the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada), the selection of management reference points for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) fisheries explicitly considered trade-offs between the probability of meeting long-term biological objectives on component populations and harvest objectives on population aggregates. Decisions about reference points were made in a consultative process that included extensive stakeholder engagement. Other agencies are urged to distinguish biological benchmarks from management reference points to ensure transparency in the relative influence of biological versus socioeconomic information in decision making.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing benchmarks of biological status from management reference points: A case study on Pacific salmon in Canada

Holt

Irvine

2013

Envir. Conserv.

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“…Critics of the IUCN Red List have questioned whether criteria that are used to assess terrestrial animals, plants, and freshwater fishes should be the same as for marine fishes (Musick 1999, Powles et al 2000. However, a number of empirical analyses suggest that the extinction probabilities of marine fishes are unlikely to differ substantially from those of other taxa (Hutchings 2000, 2001a, 2001b, Sadovy 2001, Dulvy et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of extinction risk and threat for marine vertebrates and habitat-forming species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Polidoro¹,

Brooks²,

Carpenter³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Marine conservation activities around the globe are largely undertaken in the absence of comprehensive species-specific information. To address this gap, complete regional species assemblages of major marine taxa are being progressively assessed against the Categories and Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The present study is the first analysis of entire major components of the biota of a large marine biogeographic region conducted in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP). It is based on recently completed IUCN Red List assessments for all known species of bony and cartilaginous shorefishes, corals, mangroves, and seagrasses in the TEP. Twelve percent of the >1600 species assessed are in threatened categories, indicative of elevated extinction risk. Spatial analysis of all assessed taxonomic groups, including previous IUCN Red List assessments for seabirds, marine mammals, and marine turtles, highlights specific geographical areas of elevated threatenedspecies richness. The distribution of threatened species in the TEP is primarily linked to areas with high rates of overfishing, habitat loss, and increasing El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event impacts, as well as oceanic islands with high stochastic risk factors for endemic species. Species assigned to the highest threat categories have life history traits that likely decrease their resilience to various regional and site-specific threats. Comprehensive information in the form of IUCN Red List assessments combined with spatial analysis will greatly help to refine both site-and speciesspecific marine conservation priorities in the TEP.

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“…Thus, species that are abundant but very dispersed (low local density), may have low breeding success and low genetic diversity -hence are prone to diseases, excessive exploitation and eventually local or regional extinction − symptoms of the Allee effect (Powles et al 2000, Myers et al 1995, Leevuen van et al 2008. Another critical factor for species preservation are natural or man-made barriers that may practically isolate a population, leading to a limited genetic exchange and threat of extinction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is extensive literature on species density/area relations (see review in Brown 1984); for the marine realm e.g. Petitgas 1998, Powles et al 2000, Sumaila 2002, Agardy et al 2003 and few papers on marine macrophytes (Bostrom andBonsdorf 1997, Worm et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lonely they are? A degree of isolation among macrozoobenthos species in the Marine Protected Area, the Bay of Puck, the Southern Baltic

Węsławski

Kryla-Straszewska

Warzocha

et al. 2013

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Extensive sampling (450 grabs) was performed all over the inner part of Puck Bay (105 km 2 area) in summers of [2007][2008][2009]. The GIS-based analysis of samples was performed to assess in detail the distribution of 32 benthic species. The minimum area of occurrence was less than 1 km 2 for Lekanosphaera rugicauda and the maximum was 83 km 2 for Cerastoderma glaucum. The material reveals that species with the pelagic larval stage were most widespread, with the least distance between individuals and the highest average density (e.g. Cerastoderma glaucum, Hydrobia ventrosa). The most isolated and the least dense species within the studied area were discretely mobile, non-larval crustaceans (e.g. Gammarus oceanicus and Lekanosphaera rugicauda), present at single sites with the largest distance from each other. We conclude that * Corresponding author e-mail: weslaw@iopan.gda.pl analysis of species distribution helps in understanding the threats to populations of marine invertebrates and marine spatial planning, through locating the isolated species and populations.

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Assessing and protecting endangered marine species

Cited by 97 publications

References 19 publications

Distinguishing benchmarks of biological status from management reference points: A case study on Pacific salmon in Canada

Distinguishing benchmarks of biological status from management reference points: A case study on Pacific salmon in Canada

Patterns of extinction risk and threat for marine vertebrates and habitat-forming species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

How lonely they are? A degree of isolation among macrozoobenthos species in the Marine Protected Area, the Bay of Puck, the Southern Baltic

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