Assessing amphibian disease risk across tropical streams while accounting for imperfect pathogen detection

Ribeiro, José Wagner; Siqueira, Tadeu; DiRenzo, Graziella V.; Lambertini, Carolina; Lyra, Mariana L.; Toledo, Luı́s Felipe; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Becker, C. Guilherme

doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04646-4

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The focal aquatic-breeding toad R. ornata carried relatively low Bd prevalence consistent with previous surveillance [ 54 ], intermediate bacteriome alpha diversity and dispersion, and three common core sOTUs. The R. ornata network was highly interconnected, scoring twice as high as other species in overall network density and average number of connections per sOTU, suggesting an organized structure with complex paths of communication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…2 A). Previous work on Bd dynamics in Brazilian terrestrial-breeding frogs suggests low Bd resistance in these species [ 49 ] and substantial exposure to Bd in the wild [ 44 , 54 ]. For example, Brachycephalus ephippium , another terrestrial-breeding frog species endemic to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest with similar habitat use as our focal terrestrial species, was exposed to substantial levels of Bd in terrestrial habitats through spillover from aquatic-breeding species during the breeding season [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signatures of functional bacteriome structure in a tropical direct-developing amphibian species

et al. 2022

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Background Host microbiomes may differ under the same environmental conditions and these differences may influence susceptibility to infection. Amphibians are ideal for comparing microbiomes in the context of disease defense because hundreds of species face infection with the skin-invading microbe Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and species richness of host communities, including their skin bacteria (bacteriome), may be exceptionally high. We conducted a landscape-scale Bd survey of six co-occurring amphibian species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. To test the bacteriome as a driver of differential Bd prevalence, we compared bacteriome composition and co-occurrence network structure among the six focal host species. Results Intensive sampling yielded divergent Bd prevalence in two ecologically similar terrestrial-breeding species, a group with historically low Bd resistance. Specifically, we detected the highest Bd prevalence in Ischnocnema henselii but no Bd detections in Haddadus binotatus. Haddadus binotatus carried the highest bacteriome alpha and common core diversity, and a modular network partitioned by negative co-occurrences, characteristics associated with community stability and competitive interactions that could inhibit Bd colonization. Conclusions Our findings suggest that community structure of the bacteriome might drive Bd resistance in H. binotatus, which could guide microbiome manipulation as a conservation strategy to protect diverse radiations of direct-developing species from Bd-induced population collapses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of functional bacteriome structure in a tropical direct-developing amphibian species

et al. 2022

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“…2010, Ribeiro et␣al. 2020). Setting up protocols for consistent host sampling and surveillance efforts is a practical, immediate step to this aim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape epidemiology of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans: reconciling data limitations and conservation urgency

Beukema

Erens

Schulz

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Starting in 2010, rapid-fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) population declines in northwestern Europe heralded the emergence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a salamander-pathogenic chytrid fungus. Bsal poses an imminent threat to global salamander diversity owing to its wide host range, high pathogenicity, and long-term persistence in ecosystems. While there is a pressing need to develop further research and conservation actions, data limitations inherent to recent pathogen emergence obscure necessary insights into Bsal disease ecology. Here, we use a hierarchical modeling framework to describe Bsal landscape epidemiology of outbreak sites in light of these methodological challenges. Using model selection and machine learning, we find that Bsal presence is associated with humid and relatively cool, stable climates. Outbreaks are generally located in areas characterized by low landscape heterogeneity and low steepness of slope. We further find an association between Bsal presence and high trail density, suggesting that human-mediated spread may increase risk for spillover between populations. We then use distribution modeling to show that favorable conditions occur in lowlands influenced by the North Sea, where increased survey effort is needed to determine how Bsal impacts local newt populations, but also in hill-and mountain ranges in northeastern France and the lower half of Germany. Finally, connectivity analyses suggest that these hill-and mountain ranges may act as stepping stones for further spread southward. Our results provide initial insight into regional environmental conditions underlying Bsal epizootics, present updated invasibility predictions for northwestern Europe, and lead us to discuss a wide variety of potential survey and research actions needed to advance future conservation and mitigation efforts.

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“…As a result, we retained 9 bioclimatic variables: BIO1-Annual mean temperature, BIO2-Mean temperature diurnal range, BIO5-Max temperature of warmest month, BIO6-Min temperature of coldest month, BIO8-Mean temperature of wettest quarter, BIO9-Mean temperature of driest quarter, BIO12-Annual precipitation, BIO13-Precipitation of wettest month, BIO14-Precipitation of driest month. In addition to bioclimatic variables, we also included in the predictor set a variable representing the density of the hydrographic network (HYD; Ribeiro et al 2020). For projecting our habitat suitability model on future conditions, we considered two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP): RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, representing the minimum and the maximum emission pathways for the year 2050 respectively.…”

Section: Habitat Suitability Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies, in the last fifteen years, mapped the known distribution of Bd-infected amphibian populations and analysed the possible future consequences of this disease at the global or continental level (e.g. Ron 2005;Becker and Zamudio 2011;Doherty-Bone et al 2020;Ribeiro et al 2020). However, this kind of assessment is lacking at the regional level in the Mediterranean biogeographic area, a well-known hotspot of natural and human-adapted ecosystems (Blondel and Aronson 1999;Myers et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the amphibian chytrid fungus spread by connectivity analysis: towards a national monitoring network in Italy

et al. 2021

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The emerging amphibian disease, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is driving population declines worldwide and even species extinctions in Australia, South and Central America. In order to mitigate effects of Bd on amphibian populations, high-exposed areas should be identified at the local scale and effective conservation measures should be planned at the national level. This assessment is actually lacking in the Mediterranean basin, and in particular in Italy, one of the most relevant amphibian diversity hotspots in the entire region. In this study, we reviewed the available information on Bd in Italy, and conducted a 5-year molecular screening on 1274 individual skin swabs belonging to 18 species. Overall, we found presence of Bd in 13 species and in a total of 56 known occurrence locations for peninsular Italy and Sardinia. We used these occurrence locations and climate data to model habitat suitability of Bd for current and future climatic scenarios. We then employed electric circuit theory to model landscape permeability to the diffusion of Bd, using a resistance map. With this procedure, we were able to model, for the first time, the diffusion pathways of Bd at the landscape scale, characterising the main future pathways towards areas with a high probability of Bd occurrence. Thus, we identified six national protected areas that will become pivotal for a nationally-based strategic plan in order to monitor, mitigate and possibly contrast Bd diffusion in Italy.

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Assessing amphibian disease risk across tropical streams while accounting for imperfect pathogen detection

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Signatures of functional bacteriome structure in a tropical direct-developing amphibian species

Signatures of functional bacteriome structure in a tropical direct-developing amphibian species

Landscape epidemiology of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans: reconciling data limitations and conservation urgency

Modelling the amphibian chytrid fungus spread by connectivity analysis: towards a national monitoring network in Italy

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