Assessing adaptive and plastic responses in growth and functional traits in a 10‐year‐old common garden experiment with pedunculate oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) suggests that directional selection can drive climatic adaptation

George, Jan-Peter; Théroux‐Rancourt, Guillaume; Rungwattana, Kanin; Scheffknecht, Susanne; Momirovic, Nevena; Neuhauser, Lea; Weißenbacher, Lambert; Watzinger, Andrea; Hietz, Peter

doi:10.1111/eva.13034

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The lack of significant correlation between the δ 13 C of the 16 populations and the pedoclimatic indices calculated by the model, as well as the raw atmospheric variables and soil characteristics, leads to the rejection of our first hypothesis, stipulating that populations from the driest origins would display the lowest WUE i . Similar observations were made for Quercus ilex (Gimeno et al, 2009) and Quercus robur (George et al, 2020) and for conifer species in the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families (Zhang and Cregg, 1996).…”

Section: Differentiation In Intrinsic Water-use Efficiency Among Sess...supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Both require only meteorological data. AI was calculated as the ratio between mean annual precipitation and mean annual potential evapotranspiration (Torres-Ruiz et al, 2019), and SHM as the ratio between the mean temperature of the warmest month and the mean summer precipitation (May to September) divided by 1,000 (George et al, 2020). In our study, WDI 1960-1999 appeared only slightly correlated with AI and SHM (R 2 = 0.373, p = 0.012 and R 2 = 0.378, p = 0.112, respectively; n = 16) while AI and SHM were highly correlated (R 2 = 0.804, p < 0.0001, n = 16).…”

Section: Water Deficit Index Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provenance Differences in Water-Use Efficiency Among Sessile Oak Populations Grown in a Mesic Common Garden

Rabarijaona

Ponton

Bert

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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ContextAs a widespread species, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) populations occupy a wide range of ecological conditions, with large gradients of soil water availability. Drought acclimation involves a plastic increase in water-use efficiency (WUE), a trait that is easily measured using the carbon isotope composition (δ13C). However, the question remains whether WUE is an adaptive trait that impacts the fitness of trees in natural environments.Objectives and MethodsTo investigate whether WUE was a drought-adaptive trait, we studied a sample of 600 trees originating from 16 provenances, grown for 21 years in a common garden. Intrinsic WUE (WUEi), estimated from tree ring δ13C, was compared among and within populations for three climatically contrasted years. The adaptive character of WUEi was evaluated by relating population mean WUEi, as well as its plasticity to drought, to the pedoclimatic conditions of their provenance sites. The contribution of WUEi to tree and population fitness was finally assessed from the relationship between WUEi and tree radial growth (GI).ResultsSignificant differences in WUEi were found among populations but a much larger variability was observed within than among populations. The population WUEi of the juvenile oak trees growing in the relatively mesic conditions of the common garden showed no relationship with a modeled water deficit index for the provenance sites. However, a higher population WUEi plasticity to severe drought was related to a higher proportion of silt and carbon and a lower proportion of sand in the soil of the provenance sites. In response to severe drought, populations with a higher increase in WUEi showed a lower decrease in GI. Populations with lower GI reduction were from sites with higher vapor pressure deficit in May–July (VPD). For the wet year only, populations with a higher WUEi also had a higher GI.ConclusionThe correlations observed at the common garden site between (i) population means of WUEi plasticity to drought and soil texture of the provenance sites, and (ii) GI plasticity to drought and VPD, suggested a local adaptation of sessile oak.

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Section: Differentiation In Intrinsic Water-use Efficiency Among Sess...supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Water Deficit Index Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance Differences in Water-Use Efficiency Among Sessile Oak Populations Grown in a Mesic Common Garden

Rabarijaona

Ponton

Bert

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…These may even be slight underestimates considering possible causes of bias, especially “drift” effects on population means caused by the limited number of seed parents. Other tree species in temperate climates have similarly high Q IS values (or correspondingly low Q ST values) for traits that affect growth rate and temperature acclimation (Alberto et al., 2013; George et al., 2019; Howe et al., 2003). The presence of high levels of within‐population genetic variance means that some trees should fare well in climates that are suboptimal for their population relatives, and a population exposed to climatic change could be reasonably well adapted to the new climate after the removal of some fraction of individuals through natural mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in the modelled mortality of two tree species (Fraxinus) under novel climatic regimes

Steiner

Graboski

Berkebile

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Based upon species distribution models (SDMs), many studies have predicted that climate change will cause regional extinctions of tree species within the next 50-100 years. SDM-based predictions have been challenged on procedural and theoretical grounds, but for tree species they are largely beyond the practical reach of direct experimental validation. Here we report the experimental consequences of moving seedlings from ~50 natural populations of each of two ash (Fraxinus) species to experimental sites spanning a range of 10°C colder to 10°C warmer (mean annual temperature) than home environments.Location: Eastern North America. Methods:We measured population-by-test-site survival percentages and mean trunk diameters at an average age of 35 years. We then used linear, mixed-effect models to develop transfer functions for each species and predict survival and mean annual growth as functions of fixed and random effects including, especially, the climatic distance (CD) between test site and home environment.Results: Survival and growth were highest at CD ≈ 0 and declined as populations were moved to warmer or colder environments, indicating that survival and growth were optimal when populations were in home-like climates. However, variance around the model fit was substantial, and we could not statistically detect, even at α = .50, elevated mortality following displacements into environments 3.5°C (white ash) and 4.1°C (green ash) warmer in mean annual temperature. Survival rates of 80%-100% were common even within populations subjected to warming conditions greater than those predicted to cause meso-scale extinctions in this century. We show that within-population genetic variance, phenotypic plasticity and idiosyncratic aspects of the non-climatic environment and its interaction with genotype each likely contributed to these unexpected responses to climatic displacement. Main conclusions:Results emphasize the uncertainty that underlies predictions of climate-induced extinctions of long-lived woody plants over time frames of 50 to perhaps 100 years into the future.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…In this instance, ancestry data from pedigrees and phenotypic data on blight resistance were used for crossing programs, based on the hypothesis that blight resistance had a genetic basis (Westbrook et al, 2020 ). In addition to disease resistance, pedigrees are often used in greenhouses or intensively managed common gardens to understand the functional ability of plants to cope with stress through gene‐by‐environment (i.e., GxE) experiments (e.g., George et al, 2020 ). These experiments aim to disentangle genetic (as derived from pedigree‐based kinship) and environmental contributions, and their interactions, to explain phenotypes of interest in individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of pedigrees in the conservation genomics era

Galla

Brown²,

Couch-Lewis

et al. 2021

Molecular Ecology

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Over the past 50 years conservation genetics has developed a substantive toolbox to inform species management. One of the most long‐standing tools available to manage genetics—the pedigree—has been widely used to characterize diversity and maximize evolutionary potential in threatened populations. Now, with the ability to use high throughput sequencing to estimate relatedness, inbreeding, and genome‐wide functional diversity, some have asked whether it is warranted for conservation biologists to continue collecting and collating pedigrees for species management. In this perspective, we argue that pedigrees remain a relevant tool, and when combined with genomic data, create an invaluable resource for conservation genomic management. Genomic data can address pedigree pitfalls (e.g., founder relatedness, missing data, uncertainty), and in return robust pedigrees allow for more nuanced research design, including well‐informed sampling strategies and quantitative analyses (e.g., heritability, linkage) to better inform genomic inquiry. We further contend that building and maintaining pedigrees provides an opportunity to strengthen trusted relationships among conservation researchers, practitioners, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities.

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Assessing adaptive and plastic responses in growth and functional traits in a 10‐year‐old common garden experiment with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) suggests that directional selection can drive climatic adaptation

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 23 publications

References 94 publications

Provenance Differences in Water-Use Efficiency Among Sessile Oak Populations Grown in a Mesic Common Garden

Provenance Differences in Water-Use Efficiency Among Sessile Oak Populations Grown in a Mesic Common Garden

Uncertainty in the modelled mortality of two tree species (Fraxinus) under novel climatic regimes

The relevance of pedigrees in the conservation genomics era

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