Assessement of Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels in Occupationally Exposed Workers of Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Abstract

In spite of the established knowledge regarding their toxicities, occupational exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium still continues because of their wide distribution in environment. Due to lack of awareness, most of the workers usually eat, smoke, drink at their workplace which may aggravate the metal exposure. The present study was planned to assess the blood levels of lead and cadmium in occupationally exposed workers of Jodhpur (India). A total of 110 individuals working in different industrial set ups (furniture, metal handicraft, welders) of Jodhpur district (exposed group), aged between 20 and 60 years and 97 apparently healthy people (controls) with no history of occupational heavy metal exposure aged between 25 and 60 were recruited. Details of personal habits and demographics were recorded by means of selfdeveloped questionnaire. 5 ml of whole blood was drawn from every individual. Metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism Software. Results showed that Blood Lead Level and Blood Cadmium Level (CdB) were significantly higher in the exposed group as compared to the non-exposed group. Significant age and gender-based differences were found in terms of blood cadmium levels but no such difference was observed in case of blood lead. The study also revealed that higher blood levels of these metals in workers are influenced by their occupational practices, lack of protection against workplace environment pollutants, thus increasing their susceptibility to metal toxicity.

Differences In Cadmium (Cd) Levels In The Blood of Active Smokers And Passive Smokers With Type 2 Diabetic In Puskesmas Kedungdoro Surabaya

“…Gender could be a factor in the increase in Cd levels in a person. The results of Cd level examination based on gender characteristics in this study in line with research by Goyal et. al (2020), showed that the average Cd levels in female subjects (2.94 ± 1.06 μg/L) were higher than male subjects (2.44 ± 1.02 μg/L) [23].…”

“…The results of Cd level examination based on gender characteristics in this study in line with research by Goyal et. al (2020), showed that the average Cd levels in female subjects (2.94 ± 1.06 μg/L) were higher than male subjects (2.44 ± 1.02 μg/L) [23]. The increased of Cd levels in nonsmoking women can be caused by pre-menopausal status associated with iron deficiency through serum ferritin test results.…”

An Investigation of Lead Concentration in the Breathing Air and the Blood of Automobile Welders in Birjand, Iran

“…In the present study, the maximum BLC was 28.89 μg/dL, and the mean BLC of 47 welders was 9.89 ± 7.32 μg/dL; according to the standards of the ACGIH, the mean BLC was significantly lower than the permissible limit (20 μg/dL). In line with our study, Goyal et al 27 , (2021) conducted a study with the aim of measuring the blood concentration of lead and cadmium in 207 individuals in Jodhpur, India. It was shown that the mean BLC of welders was 7.97 ± 1.92 μg/dL, while in non-exposed population the mean BLC was 1.09 ± .073 μg/dL, this difference was statistically significant, but the reported BLC was lower than the permissible limit recommended by ACGIH.…”

Cadmium Accumulation in the Goat Liver and Kidney Is Partially Promoted by the Upregulation of Metal Transporter Genes

“…Conversely, an increase in serum ALB has been observed in rabbits following the subcutaneous injection of CdCl2 at a dose of 3 mg/kg of BW [ 41 ]. A high plasma ALB concentration has been reported in occupationally Cd-exposed workers compared with that in non-exposed workers [ 42 ]. In this study, the plasma ALB concentration showed an increasing trend as the dietary Cd levels increased to 1.07 mg of Cd/kg of DM.…”