Assess the Association Between Periodontitis and Maxillary Sinusitis: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) Study

Abstract

Background/purpose Periodontal pathologies which are considered odontogenic in origin can be a major cause of maxillary sinusitis, along with other dental and non-dental causes. The aim of this study is to define and assess the relationship between periodontitis and maxillary sinusitis. Material and methods A total of 415 CBCT datasets of periodontitis patients were cross-sectionally evaluated. Alveolar bone loss and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening were measured in coronal and sagittal sections, these two variables represent the severity of periodontitis and maxillary sinusitis, respectively. Results This study found that mucosal thickening was significantly higher in patients with increased alveolar bone loss severity (P=0.03). Mucosal thickening was significantly higher among males (83.5%) than among females (69.8%) (P=0.001). moderate or severe alveolar bone loss had a significantly higher risk of mucosal thickening with an odds ratio of 1.8 when compared to those with mild alveolar bone loss (95% CI: 1.04-3.2). Males had an increased risk of mucosal thickening compared to females with an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% C.I.: 1.4-3.6). Conclusion In conclusion, periodontal structure can affect maxillary sinus and its health. Therefore, after confirming a diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis, a detailed examination of periodontal health is needed. These results can be used to increase the awareness of dental students and practitioners in clinical and diagnostical judgement.