Assesment of clay bricks compressive strength using quantitative values of colour components

Micro- and macro-cellular sintered glass-ceramics from wastes

“…This means that the solid phase, in a cellular body sintered for 1 h, is stronger than a monolith sintered for 2 h. This substantially confirms the observations from the diffraction patterns: the increased specific surface (due to porosity) corresponds to an increased "intrinsic" strength, induced by the enhanced crystallization. Finally, it should be noted that the strength of cellular glass-ceramics (up to about 80 MPa) is comparable to that reported for conventional clay bricks, 33 with a lower density (the density of the present cellular glass-ceramics was in the range of about 0.82-1.36 g/cm 3 , while the density of clay bricks is higher than 1.5 g/cm 3 ). 34 This makes the glass-ceramic products useful in applications as structural panels.…”

Red ceramics produced from mixtures of kaolinite clay and waste glass

“…The Fe 2 O 3 mass percentage of 20.10 is high and this is not favorable to allow for ceramics with high mechanical values (Ergul et al 2007;Bernhardt et al 2014). Conversely, this amount of Fe 2 O 3 in presence of uncolored waste glass is beneficial to get red colored ceramics (Karaman et al 2006;Vieira et al 2008;Sultana et al 2015). This is an important technological aspect that renders possible the use of K clay for the production of ceramics with red tonality, especially for roofing and rustic floor tiles, then worthwhile for the manufacture of terra cotta.…”

“…Considerable amount of Na 2 O + K 2 O (13.35% mass) and CaO + MgO (16.63% mass) could act as energetic fluxing agent when added with the K clay powder to get mixtures enabling to make terra cotta and associated products. Since V has little amount of colorizing oxides, mixing its powder with that of K clay will result in no significant change of color of fired products (Karaman et al 2006;Djangang et al 2007). Conversely, the presence of the above oxides in the mixtures will induce viscous flow phase to occur at relatively low temperature, since experimentally V melts around 700°C.…”

“…This last crystalline phase is probably a neomineral resulting from thermal deshydroxylation of lepidocrocite (Rollet and Bouaziz 1972;Vieira et al 2008). Both rutile and hematite are the main minerals enabling to obtain red ceramics (Karaman et al 2006;Vieira et al 2008). Quartz is the mineral initially present in the K clay and the intensities of its main peaks (3.34 and 4.27 Å) are lower for KV 2 than for KV 0 because the incorporation of powder glass (amorphous material) in the clay diminishes its amount of sand and silt.…”

Tile Renovation of Exterior Walls for the Taiwan Governor's Office

“…A predetermined weight of air-dried clay was mixed with a sufficient amount of water and kept at room temperature to produce the optimum water content for good plasticity (Karaman, Gunal, & Ersahin, 2006). After rocks and impurities had been removed by a No.…”