Assembly of Pangea: Combined Paleomagnetic and Paleoclimatic Approach

Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Margin of Laurussia in the Paleozoic

“…This collision was marked by orogenic events in Venezuela, Columbia, Peru, and northern Argentina (Gallagher & Tauvers 1992, Williams 1995. Paleomagnetic data (Kent & Van der Voo 1990, Van der Voo 1993, Lewandowski 1998, 2003 and paleobiogeography (Young 1990) also support the hypothesis about the proximity of South and North America (Golonka, 2007, 20012 b). This proximity is also shown by recent maps of Cocks & Torsvik (2010), however without the collision.…”

“…This model is based on PLATES, GPLATES and PALEOMAP software (see Golonka et al 1994, 2003, 2006a,b, Golonka 2000, 2007a,b,c, 2009a. The plate tectonic reconstruction programs generated palaeocontinental base maps.…”

“…Lewandowski 2003 and references therein) or Gothic terranes (Stampfli, 2001). It consisted of the fragments of western and Central Europe between northwestern France (Brittany) and Czech Republic consolidated during Cadomian orogeny (Figs.1-6).…”

“…Cadomia belonged to Perigondwana during Early Paleozoic times. Perhaps it was detached from Gondwana during Silurian times (Golonka et al 2006a, Lewandowski 2003, the existence and nature of this detachment as well as extension of Cadomia eastward and westward remain quite speculative.…”

Large-Scale Crustal Conductivity Pattern in Central Europe and Its Correlation to Deep Tectonic Structures

“…It was formed as a result of consecutive collisions of the smaller Gondwana-derived crustal fragments (microplates) of Avalonia and Armorica (TAIT, 1999;LEWANDOWSKI, 2003). This area, called the TransEuropean Suture Zone (TESZ) (PHARAOH, 1999), intersects the European continent from the Black Sea on the southeast to British Isles on the northwest and is likely to extend further west, reaching the Appalachian orogen on the other side of the Atlantic (KELLER and HATCHER, 1999).…”