Assembly of Clay Nanotubes on Cotton Fibers Mediated by Biopolymer for Robust and High‐Performance Hemostatic Dressing

Abstract

Uncontrollable bleeding from military conflicts, accidents, and surgical procedures is a major life-threatening factor. Rapid, safe, and convenient hemostasis is critical to the survival of bleeding patients in prehospital care. However, the peel-off of hemostats such as kaolinite sheets from the cotton fibers often poses a risk of distal thrombosis. Here, an efficient clay hemostat of halloysite nanotubes is tightly bound onto commercial cotton fibers, which is capillary mediated by biopolymer alginate with Ca 2+ crosslinking. The robust clay nanotube dressing materials maintain high procoagulant activity after harsh water treatment, and only a few residuals of halloysite exist in the wound area. Compared with commercial hemostat QuikClot Combat gauze, halloysite-alginate-cotton composite dressing exhibits hemostatic properties both in vivo and in vitro with high safety. The hemostatic mechanism of the dressing is attributed to activating platelets, locally concentrating clotting components in the nanoclay, halloysite coagulation factors, and alginate cross-linked with Ca 2+ . This work inspires robust self-assembly of clay nanotubes on textile fibers and offers a hemostatic material with balanced high hemostatic activity, minimal ingredient loss, and biocompatibility. The robust dressing based on halloysite tightly bounded cotton shows great potential for military, medical, and civil bleeding control with low health risks.

Multifunctional Nanoclay‐Based Hemostatic Materials for Wound Healing: A Review

“…Reproduced with permission. [85] Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH. c) Illustration of RBC aggregation, platelets and intrinsic coagulation cascade activation on PLA/HNMs-7 nanofiber membranes.…”

“…Ca 2+ -modified cotton fibers were soaked in a solution of HNTs and sodium alginate. [85] Sodium alginate was drawn into the HNT tube via capillary action, and the two were chemically bonded via hydrogen bonding to create HNT-alginate (Figure 6b). Thus, the calcium ions on the cotton fiber surface could form ionic connections with the hydroxyl groups on the HNT surface and the sodium alginate, and the resulting HAC could be evaporated to firmness.…”

Microfluidic Controllable Preparation of Iodine‐131‐Labeled Microspheres for Radioembolization Therapy of Liver Tumors

“…The in vitro coagulation index (BCI) is often used to evaluate the coagulation performance of materials, and the lower the BCI value of the material, the more severe the coagulation. [47] Severe coagulation is not conducive to smooth injection of microspheres during surgery. The BCI value of GMs is over 90% (Figure 5d), indicating that the prepared GMs are not easy to cause coagulation and can avoid thrombosis during surgery.…”

Progress and future prospects of hemostatic materials based on nanostructured clay minerals

“…In a recent work, cotton fabrics rich in Ca 2+ were vertically placed in an alginate–HNTs dispersion through thermal evaporation, in which HNTs were firmly self-assembled, driven by capillary force and ionic bonds. 140 The HNT–alginate–cotton (HAC) dressing integrated the excellent hemostatic activity of HNTs, the pivotal role of Ca 2+ in the coagulation pathway and the effect of erythrocyte aggregation by alginate, exhibiting extraordinary hemostatic properties and appealing biocompatibility both in vivo and in vitro compared with the industry gold standard QCG. Notably, the dressing maintained considerable procoagulant activity with a minimum amount of HNTs leaching out after being immersed in water and ultrasonic treatment (Fig.…”