Assembling Color on the Nanoscale: Multichromatic Switchable Pixels from Plasmonic Atoms and Molecules

Chen, Tianhong; Reinhard, Björn M.

doi:10.1002/adma.201506179

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, when the Ag NPs that have aggregated on the ITO branches are spatially separated, the brightness of dark-field images increased because of multiple scattering and to absorption of light by LSPR. [34][35][36] To investigate the existence of LSPR in the Ag NPs in each sample, we also measured Rayleigh scattering profiles (Figure 4d). Over the range of 400 ⩽ λ ⩽ 600 nm, in which LSPR is active, [37][38][39] ITO branches with Ag NPs showed intense scattering; ITO branches without Ag NPs showed relatively weak scattering, and flat ITO both with and without Ag NPs lacked the specific peaks that originate from LSPR.…”

Section: Analysis Of Operating Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced black state induced by spatial silver nanoparticles in an electrochromic device

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical indium tin oxide (ITO) branches of electrochromic devices (ECDs) is an effective approach for increasing the optical properties via localized surface plasmon resonance compared with two-dimensional nanostructured electrodes. ECDs with 3D branches were designed to operate in transparent, mirror and black states. Finite-difference time-domain simulation was used to find the electrical field distributions in three types of ECD: glass/ITO with Ag film, glass/ITO branches and glass/ITO branches with Ag nanoparticles. The ECDs had an optical transmittance of 73.76% in the transparent state, a reflectance of 79.77% in the mirror state and a reflectance of 8.78% in the black state. We achieved an ECD with high stability that can show ∼ 10 000 switching cycles among the three states. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e362; doi:10.1038/am.2017.25; published online 17 March 2017 INTRODUCTION Electrochromic devices (ECDs) can exhibit reversible color changes induced by electric energy and the resulting electrochemical redox reactions of materials. 1,2 The changes in optical states are consequences of a change in the electronic state as a result of electron transfer between the electrochromic (EC) material and an electrode. ECDs offer many advantages over conventional displays, including a low operating voltage (V OP ), memory effects, color variations and visibility in sunlight. [3][4][5][6][7] Therefore, ECDs are expected to achieve applications in information displays or in light-modulating devices such as smart windows, switchable mirrors, electronic papers and chemical sensors. [8][9][10][11][12] Conventional ECDs are composed of a non-metal (NM) EC material (for example, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene difluoride, WO 3 , MoO 3 , Ir(OH) 3 , NiO). [13][14][15][16][17] In particular, WO 3 , which is the most widely known EC material, has attracted considerable attention because of its broad applications such as in ECDs, photocatalysis and sensing devices. 3 However, the use of NM-ECD encounters two drawbacks. (1) It has low optical transmittance when in the transparent state because of the inherent color and high extinction coefficient (k) of the NM materials compared with the metal ions in the electrolyte of the transparent state. [13][14][15][16][17][18] (2) The NM-ECD cannot exhibit a mirror state. Because free electrons are rarely generated in NM materials, an electric field easily penetrates the NM materials. Therefore, most of the incident energy is absorbed or transmitted. As a result, NM-ECDs are not suitable for use in displays and windows.Silver (Ag) has been used as an EC material because of its superior optical properties. Because Ag readily assembles into nanoparticles

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of Operating Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced black state induced by spatial silver nanoparticles in an electrochromic device

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Among these examples are color filters based on plasmonics; filters which rely on the resonant interaction between incident photo ns and the free-electrons of nanoscale metal structures. Thus far, filters based on positive nanostructures, [4,7,9,[11][12][13][14][15] filters based on cavity apertures, [2,[16][17][18] and filters which combine both strategies [8] have been shown, each with distinct fabrication and geometrical solutions to achieving color "nanopixels" for selective white-light separation. Plasmonic pixels, in their various forms, hold several advantages reactive ion etching, and inductively coupled plasma deposition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Heydari

Sperling

Neale

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

107

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasmonic color filtering has provided a range of new techniques for "printing" images at resolutions beyond the diffraction-limit, significantly improving upon what can be achieved using traditional, dye-based filtering methods. Here, a new approach to high-density data encoding is demonstrated using full color, dual-state plasmonic nanopixels, doubling the amount of information that can be stored in a unit-area. This technique is used to encode two data sets into a single set of pixels for the first time, generating vivid, near-full sRGB (standard Red Green Blue color space)color images and codes with polarization-switchable information states. Using a standard optical microscope, the smallest "unit" that can be read relates to 2 × 2 nanopixels (370 nm × 370 nm). As a result, dual-state nanopixels may prove significant for long-term, high-resolution optical image encoding, and counterfeit-prevention measures. over their microscale, dye-based counterparts. Chief among these are their subwavelength dimensions (leading to ultradense, ultrathin pixel arrays), and their long-term environmental stability (they do not degrade or fade over time due to radiation exposure). As a result, plasmonic filters have been positioned as new technological solutions for subwavelength color printing, [1,4,[7][8][9]12] anticounterfeiting measures, [19,20] and RGB splitting for image sensors; [2,17,21,22] thus representing one of the most promising, technologically relevant areas of current plasmonic research activity. Here, we explore a new application of polarizationcontrolled plasmonic filters: dual output, full-color optical image encoding. Recent developments in the engineering and manipulation of materials on the nanoscale have given rise to a number of new techniques with the potential for physically encoding data and images into optically readable volumes and surfaces. [23,24] Using semiconductor quantum dots, [25][26][27] graphene, [28] and various super-resolution lithography techniques, [29][30][31][32][33][34] researchers are demonstrating novel 2D and 3D techniques that may enable the next generation of optical storage and encoding technologies. Plasmonic particles and filters have also seen applications in these research areas, with the aforementioned image encoding examples having been joined by demonstrations of their use in optical data storage. [23,24,[35][36][37] Here, we show a new utilization of image encoding using polarization multiplexed plasmonic filters, where, unlike previous studies that employed color or position switching in fixed images, [14,38] we show that two arbitrary, full-color images can be encoded into a single array of pixels. Our individual pixels are comprised of asymmetric cross-shaped nanoapertures in a thin film of aluminum. Each aperture is engineered to exhibit two independent plasmonic resonances which can be tuned across the sRGB (standard Red Green Blue) color-space (a single pixel can be encoded with any two arbitrary colors). We go on to show that by using the smallest visible unit ...

show abstract

“…Plasmonic nanostructures have generated much interest with the development of recent nanofabrication methods, due to capability of optical field localizations into subwavelength dimensions. The plasmonic nanostructures have also shown great promise for the structural colors . The early demonstration of extraordinary optical transmissions through a hole array periodically perforated on a thin metal film can be considered as the first example .…”

Section: Structural Color Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Light at the Nanoscale: Structural Color Filters and Broadband Perfect Absorbers

Lee

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

151

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in fabrication and processing methods have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of nanostructures that provide novel ways of manipulating light interaction on a well controllable manner, thereby enabling a wide variety of innovative applications. Structural colors have shown great promise as an alternative for existing colorant‐based filters due to their noticeable advantages, which open up diverse potential applications such as energy‐efficient displays, ultrahigh‐resolution imaging, ultrahigh‐sensitivity biosensors, and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Broadband perfect absorbers, which exploit extraordinary optical phenomena at subwavelength scale, have also received increasing attention due to their capability of improving efficiency and performance characteristics of various applications including thermoelectrics, invisibility, solar‐thermal‐energy harvesting, and imaging. This review highlights some recent progress in these two related fields. The structural colors based on optical resonances in thin‐film structures, guided‐mode resonances in slab waveguide gratings, and surface plasmon resonances in plasmonic nanoresonators are described. Representative achievements associated with the broadband perfect absorbers, which include schemes employing highly absorbing media, multi‐cavity resonances, and broadband impedance matching are investigated.

show abstract

Assembling Color on the Nanoscale: Multichromatic Switchable Pixels from Plasmonic Atoms and Molecules

Cited by 75 publications

References 46 publications

Enhanced black state induced by spatial silver nanoparticles in an electrochromic device

Enhanced black state induced by spatial silver nanoparticles in an electrochromic device

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Engineering Light at the Nanoscale: Structural Color Filters and Broadband Perfect Absorbers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About