“…Aptamers are single stranded nucleic acid selected in evolutionary process binding to targets with good specificity and binding affinity (Citartan et al, 2012;Feng et al, 2014;Juskowiak, 2011;Kim and Gu 2014;Li et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2009;McKeague and Derosa, 2012). Since the discovery of aptamers in 1990s, aptamer-based assays for small molecules have drawn increasing attentions in environmental sensing, food safety, and clinical analysis due to the unique features of aptamers, such as easy generation, facile labeling, good thermal stability, small size, and target-binding induced structure change (Citartan et al, 2012;Feng et al, 2014;Juskowiak, 2011;Kim and Gu 2014;Li et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2009;McKeague and Derosa, 2012).…”