Aspiration pneumonitis: Can we prevent it?

Bennell, Alison; Senior, Mark

doi:10.1111/eve.12818

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Regurgitation has been reported only once, in a horse undergoing orthopaedic surgery without any subsequent sequelae (Carpenter and Hall 1981). However, it is encountered in approximately one in ten horses presented with colic (Bennell and Senior 2019).…”

Section: Regurgitation and Aspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

Deutsch

Taylor

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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Equine peri-anaesthetic mortality and morbidity are of interest to anaesthetists, practitioners, horse owners and insurance companies. The largest prospective study, 'The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities' (CEPEF) was conducted more than 20 years ago. It included over 40,000 horses from multiple centres and reported mortality to be 1.9% that decreased to 0.9% when only elective cases were considered. This is in stark contrast to mortality rates in small animal (dogs: 0.17%, cats: 0.24%) and human anaesthesia (0.04-7/10,000). In spite of developments in understanding the pathophysiology of equine anaesthesia mortality has not decreased in the intervening years. The main contributors to peri-anaesthetic equine mortality are cardiac arrest, fractures and myopathy or neuropathy. Spinal cord myelopathy and cerebral necrosis are less common. Malignant hyperthermia and hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis are diseases associated with genetic mutations that can be triggered during general anaesthesia and may be fatal if not recognised and treated immediately. Morbidities are reported less frequently, presumably because often they do not cause permanent harm and may resolve within a short period of time. Complications in equine anaesthesia are numerous and include injuries at induction and recovery, damage to the airway associated with orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation, post-anaesthetic myopathy or neuropathy, regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents, ocular injuries and complications associated with intravascular cannulation. Hypotension, hypoventilation, hypoxaemia, hypothermia and dysrhythmias may occur both during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia but also in recovery. Airway obstruction during recovery has repeatedly been reported over the years as causing pulmonary oedema, which is often fatal if the airway is not restored extremely quickly. This review summarises the literature on the risk of mortality and morbidity. Information has been gathered from single case reports as well as larger research studies.

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Section: Regurgitation and Aspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

Deutsch

Taylor

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Aspiration of gastric contents by horses under general anaesthesia for colic surgery is an important anaesthetic complication and was discussed in a meaningful manner in a recent report (Monticelli and Adami 2019) and in the accompanying Clinical Commentary (Bennell and Senior 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are gastric contents usually regarded as sterile?

Freeman

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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Aspiration pneumonitis: Can we prevent it?

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

Are gastric contents usually regarded as sterile?

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