Aspiration, Bronchial Obstruction, Bronchiectasis, and Related Disorders

Tomashefski, Joseph F.; Dail, David H.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68792-6_5

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…The lung is particularly susceptible for metastasis, because it receives the entire cardiac output from the right side of the heart. Regardless of their preference for the hematogenous or lymphatic pathway of spread, disseminated tumor cells ultimately enter into the lung through the pulmonary arteries, following the venous circulation (1). Whereas some cancer cells enter into the blood stream directly, tumor cells disseminated to the lymph nodes may spread along the route of lymphatic drainage: through the efferent lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, subclavian vein, and into the pulmonary artery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Induces Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis, an Extremely Aggressive Form of Lung Metastases

et al. 2010

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The lymphatic system is an important pathway for tumor dissemination to the lymph nodes, but to which extent it contributes to the formation of distant metastases remains unknown. We report that induction of lymphangiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) at the secondary site, in the lung, facilitates expansion of already disseminated cancer cells throughout the lung tissue. By using orthotopic spontaneous metastasis models in nude mice, we show that VEGF-C expression by tumor cells altered the pattern of pulmonary metastases from nodular to diffuse and facilitated disease progression. Metastases expressing VEGF-C were tightly associated with the airways, in contrast to the control cells that were scattered in the lung parenchyma, throughout the alveolar region. VEGF-C induced lung lymphangiogenesis and promoted intralymphatic spread of metastases in the lung and formation of tumor emboli in the pulmonary arteries. This pattern of metastasis corresponds to lymphangitic carcinomatosis metastatic phenotype in human cancer patients, an extremely aggressive pattern of pulmonary metastases. In accordance, pulmonary breast cancer metastases from patients which were classified as lymphangitic carcinomatosis showed high levels of VEGF-C expression in cancer cells. These data show that VEGF-C promotes late steps of the metastatic process and identify the VEGF-C/VEGF receptor-3 pathway as the target not only for prevention of metastases, but also for treatment of established metastatic disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Induces Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis, an Extremely Aggressive Form of Lung Metastases

et al. 2010

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“…Endogenous lipid pneumonia when due to obstruction is thought to be the result of obstructed secretions, increased cell breakdown products and possibly leakage from vessels and the interstitium. 18 Certainly, just the presence of lipid-laden macrophages does not indicate exogenous lipid pneumonia, but it has been shown that lipid is more abundant in those who aspirated than in the other study groups. 19 Although at least some of the cases with LI Ͻ150 may have had a component of GOR, causes of endogenous lipid pneumonia may have contributed to low level of lipid-laden macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oil red O stain of alveolar macrophages is an effective screening test for gastroesophageal reflux disease in lung transplant recipients

Hopkins

Kermeen

Duhig

et al. 2010

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation

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“…In some patients, metastatic disease in the lung is characterized by extensive involvement of lung lymphatics with cancer (Acikgoz et al, 2006; Bruce et al, 1996; Goldsmith et al, 1967; Janower and Blennerhassett, 1971; Thomas and Lenox, 2008; Tomashefski and Dail, 2008). This type of metastasis is referred to as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis and it is most commonly observed in patients with breast, lung, gastric, pancreatic and prostate cancer (Thurlbeck, 1979; Tomashefski and Dail, 2008).…”

Section: Lymphatics and Distant Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of metastasis is referred to as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis and it is most commonly observed in patients with breast, lung, gastric, pancreatic and prostate cancer (Thurlbeck, 1979; Tomashefski and Dail, 2008). Strikingly, most of these patients die within several months of diagnosis (Bruce et al, 1996; Thomas and Lenox, 2008; Tomashefski and Dail, 2008; Yang and Lin, 1972). How frequent this type of metastasis is in the patient population, however, is a subject of a debate.…”

Section: Lymphatics and Distant Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 50% of the cases of histologically proven pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis present with normal radiographs (Amundson and Weiss, 1991; Fichera and Hagerstrand, 1965; Goldsmith et al, 1967; Janower and Blennerhassett, 1971; Thurlbeck, 1979; Trapnell, 1964). Because of these imaging limitations in patients and because histologic sampling of lung metastases even at autopsy, is not frequently performed, it is believed that the true incidence of lymphangitic spread is greatly underestimated (Tomashefski and Dail, 2008). Nevertheless, the evidence of lymphangitic carcinomatosis in a patient is invariably associated with extremely poor prognosis, indicating that pulmonary lymphatic vasculature facilitates rapid progression of metastatic disease.…”

Section: Lymphatics and Distant Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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