Aspergillus flavus originated pure compound as a potential antibacterial

Khattak, Saeed Ullah; Lutfullah, Ghosia; Iqbal, Zafar; Ahmad, Jamshed; Rehman, Iqra; Shi, Yanbin; Ikram, Saima

doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02371-3

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the fungi present on the elm leaf surface might contribute to bacterial growth inhibition on elm leaves and, when leaves are ingested by the ELB, also in the ELB gut. Penicillium and Aspergillus species are well known to produce antibacterial compounds ( 48 – 51 ). Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the presence of these fungi suppresses bacterial growth in the ELB-elm system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Schott,

Rakei,

Remus-Emsermann

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial symbionts play crucial roles in the biology of many insects. While bacteria have been the primary focus of research on insect-microbe symbiosis, recent studies suggest that fungal symbionts may be just as important. The elm leaf beetle (ELB, Xanthogaleruca luteola ) is a serious pest species of field elm ( Ulmus minor ). Using culture-dependent and independent methods, we investigated the abundance and species richness of bacteria and fungi throughout various ELB life stages and generations, while concurrently analyzing microbial communities on elm leaves. No persistent bacterial community was found to be associated with the ELB or elm leaves. By contrast, fungi were persistently present in the beetle’s feeding life stages and on elm leaves. Fungal community sequencing revealed a predominance of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus in insects and on leaves. Culture-dependent surveys showed a high prevalence of two fungal colony morphotypes closely related to Penicillium lanosocoeruleum and Aspergillus flavus . Among these, the Penicillium morphotype was significantly more abundant on feeding-damaged compared with intact leaves, suggesting that the fungus thrives in the presence of the ELB. We assessed whether the detected prevalent fungal morphotypes influenced ELB’s performance by rearing insects on (i) surface-sterilized leaves, (ii) leaves inoculated with Penicillium spores, and (iii) leaves inoculated with Aspergillus spores. Insects feeding on Penicillium -inoculated leaves gained more biomass and tended to lay larger egg clutches than those consuming surface-sterilized leaves or Aspergillus -inoculated leaves. Our results demonstrate that the ELB does not harbor resident bacteria and that it might benefit from associating with Penicillium fungi. IMPORTANCE Our study provides insights into the still understudied role of microbial symbionts in the biology of the elm leaf beetle (ELB), a major pest of elms. Contrary to expectations, we found no persistent bacterial symbionts associated with the ELB or elm leaves. Our research thus contributes to the growing body of knowledge that not all insects rely on bacterial symbionts. While no persistent bacterial symbionts were detectable in the ELB and elm leaf samples, our analyses revealed the persistent presence of fungi, particularly Penicillium and Aspergillus on both elm leaves and in the feeding ELB stages. Moreover, when ELB were fed with fungus-treated elm leaves, we detected a potentially beneficial effect of Penicillium on the ELB’s development and fecundity. Our results highlight the significance of fungal symbionts in the biology of this insect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Schott,

Rakei,

Remus-Emsermann

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…who isolated fungi from local soil in El-Sharkia Governorate and detected that A. flavus methanol extracts have antibacterial activity against Pseudomomas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans. Moreover, according to [27], many different secondary metabolites that have a lot of biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella flexeneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Bacillus subtilis were found in the methanolic extract of A. flavus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer cells line of Aspergillus flavus ON764430 extracts isolated from Al Mudawara Mountain, El Fayum governorate

El-Nasr

Mokhtar

2023

Advances in Basic and Applied Sciences

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Fungal secondary metabolites possess powerful bioactive compounds formed by fungi isolated from diverse sources. In this study, a fungus was isolated from the sandy soil of Al Mudawara Mountain at El Fayum governorate to examine its antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and antioxidant effect. The fungus was identified using morphological and molecular methods as Aspergillus flavus, with a 99.29 percent similarity rate. The fungal secondary metabolites were extracted using different organic solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) in order. These extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activities against some pathogenic microorganisms using the well diffusion method. Furthermore, using the MTT viability assay, the antitumor properties of the active extracts were tested against HepG2 and PC-3, two different tumor cell lines. Aspergillus flavus petroleum ether extract had high inhibitory activity against HepG2 and PC-3 cells, according to the findings, However, lower inhibitory activity was detected with ethyl acetate extract against HepG2 and PC-3 cells, respectively. Also, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The petroleum ether extract from Aspergillus flavus showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 of 272 ± 3.7µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate 901.3 ± 42.8µg/ml. GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract showed the presence of different potent products. In conclusion, Aspergillus flavus ON764430 extracts made from ethyl acetate and petroleum ether had moderate antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. To find out how the activities work, additional pharmacological and in vivo studies were suggested.

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“…The ligands were protonated at pH 7.4 to mimic physiological conditions. The resulting structures were saved in the maestro(.mae) format [24].…”

Section: Ligand Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolites from Endo-Phytic Fusarium Oxysporum Isolated from Myrtus Communis

Khattak,

Ahmad,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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The rise of microbial resistance and emerging infections pose significant health threats. Natural products from endophytic fungi offer a promising source of novel compounds with potential as major drug leads. This research aims to screen Myrtus communis and Moringa oleifera for endophytic fungi and screen their metabolites for antibacterial and antifungal potential. Six endophytic fungal strains were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The M. communis isolates were designated MC1, MC2, MC3, and the M. oleifera isolates were named MO1, MO2, MO3. Preliminary bioactivity testing revealed that the MC3 isolate exhibited significant growth inhibition against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. The MC3 isolate was identified as Fusarium oxysporum through morphological and microscopic methods. For metabolite production, the fungal strain was cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at 28 °C for 14 days in a shaking incubator. The metabolites were purified using various chromatographic techniques, HPLC and GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of F. oxysporum revealed multiple compounds at different retention times using the NIST-20 Library. Based on RSI values and probability indices, two compounds were targeted for further purification. Structure elucidation was performed using 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments on a Varian 500 NMR machine. The compounds identified were Ethyl isoallocholate (C26H44O5, exact mass 436.32) and 1-Monolinoleoyl glycerol trimethylsilyl ether (C27H56O4Si2, exact mass 500.37). The MS (NIST-20) library facilitated the investigation of the insilico antimicrobial activity of these compounds against alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and elastase virulence proteins of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Aspartic protease from Candida albicans was used to evaluate the insilico antifungal potential. All ligands and proteins were docked using the Glide Induced Fit Docking (IFD) algorithm. The compounds showed binding scores of -7.7 and -7.9 Kcal mol-1 against alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, -7.3 and -6.5 Kcal mol-1 against elastase, and -7.6 and -7.2 Kcal mol-1 against aspartic protease. Invitro studies confirmed the inhibitory activity of these compounds against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Ethyl isoallocholate exhibited higher bioactivity against P. aeruginosa with inhibition rates of 41%, 27%, and 35% at concentrations of 1000, 500, and 250 μg mL-1, respectively. These results suggest that bioactive compounds from F. oxysporum have potential as antimicrobial agents, warranting further research.

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Aspergillus flavus originated pure compound as a potential antibacterial

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer cells line of Aspergillus flavus ON764430 extracts isolated from Al Mudawara Mountain, El Fayum governorate

Purification of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolites from Endo-Phytic Fusarium Oxysporum Isolated from Myrtus Communis

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