Aspergillosis caused by non-fumigatus Aspergillus species: risk factors and in vitro susceptibility compared with Aspergillus fumigatus

Torres, Harrys A.; Rivero, Gustavo; Lewis, Russell E.; Hachem, Ray; Raad, Issam; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P.

doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00013-0

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, a large fraction of aspergillosis cases in neutorpenic patients are caused by species outside Neosartorya and these infections respond differently to treatment than N. fumigata. By emphasizing the different causes of aspergillosis, nomenclature proposed here may improve patient outcomes (Torres et al 2003). The genus Neocarpenteles nests within Neosartorya and should be synonymized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Pitt

Taylor

2014

Mycologia

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The newly adopted International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN) demands that dimorphic fungi, in particular those with both sexual and asexual names, now bear a single name. Although priority is no longer associated with the mode of reproduction, the ICN requires justification for choosing an asexual name over an existing sexual one. The phylogenetic approach that made dual nomenclature for fungi obsolete can be used to help choose names for large groups of fungi that are best known by asexual names. Here we apply this approach to one of the largest and most diverse asexual genera, the genus Aspergillus. We find that existing sexual names may be given to well supported clades of fungi with distinct phenotypes, which include sexual morphology as well as physiological attributes associated with xerophily, thermophily and mycotoxin production. One group of species important to food production and food safety, Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati, lacks a well supported clade; here we propose that the name Aspergillus be retained for this group. Recognizing that nomenclature has economic and social implications, particularly for old, important genera, we discuss the consequences of various scenarios to implement the new ''one name for one fungus'' article in the ICN, showing that our approach requires the fewest appeals to the ICN while retaining the name Aspergillus for many of the most economically and socially important species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Pitt

Taylor

2014

Mycologia

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“…Aspergillus terreus was the only species isolated by culture from gliotoxin-positive patients with proven IA, reflecting the unusual predominance of non-A. fumigatus Aspergillus species at our institution, which stems from either local environmental factors or extensive antifungal use in our heavily immunocompromised population (13). The one patient with documented IA that was not positive for gliotoxin had a solitary brain lesion from which A. fumigatus was cultured.…”

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confidence: 90%

Detection of Gliotoxin in Experimental and Human Aspergillosis

et al. 2005

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Gliotoxin was measured in the lungs (mean, 3,976 ؎ 1,662 ng/g of tissue) and sera (mean, 36.5 ؎ 30.28 ng/ml) of mice with experimentally induced invasive aspergillosis (IA), and levels decreased with antifungal therapy. Gliotoxin could also be detected in the sera of cancer patients with documented (proven or probable) IA.Aspergillus fumigatus, the saprophytic mold associated with the majority of cases of human invasive aspergillosis (IA), is known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites during invasive (hyphal) growth (12). One of the most abundantly produced metabolites is the epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabolite gliotoxin, which has a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive activity in animals and humans (15). Gliotoxin has been shown in vitro to inhibit activation of the transcription factor NF-B (9), neutrophil and macrophage oxidative killing (7,8,14), macrophage phagocytosis (7, 8), antigen-mediated lymphocyte stimulation and cytotoxic-T-cell activation (6, 15), and gamma interferon production by CD4 ϩ lymphocytes (17). At higher concentrations (Ͼ250 ng/ml), gliotoxin induces apoptosis in macrophages and lymphocytes by a mechanism distinct from its antiphagocytic effects (16). Theoretically, the release of gliotoxin by Aspergillus during growth in tissues could aid in the evasion by the fungus of innate and professional effector immune cells.(This work was presented in part at the 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, Ill., 14 to 17 September 2003, abstr. M-1015 and M-1243 We hypothesized that gliotoxin production is involved in the pathogenesis of IA and could be a marker of invasive infection with A. fumigatus. To this end, we used a liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) assay to measure gliotoxin concentrations in the lungs and sera of mice with experimentally induced invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Additionally, we screened unselected banked serum samples for gliotoxin from a cohort of cancer patients with or without documented evidence of IA.Serum samples were collected under institutional review board protocol LAB 02-200 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). All animal studies were performed under the guidance and institutional standards of The University of Texas MDACC and The University of Houston Institutional Care and Animal Use Committees.Serum or tissue samples were prepared for analysis by methanol extraction and precipitation of proteins followed by centrifugation at 10,000 ϫ g. LC-MS-MS in negative mode was run using pairs of ions at an m/z of 324.9/260.8 for gliotoxin and 137.9/107.9 for the internal standard 3-nitrophenol. Concentrations of gliotoxin were assessed by interpolation of unknown samples to a seven-point standard curve (0.25 to 25 ng/ml) for purified gliotoxin (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) prepared in mouse sera or uninfected mouse lung homogenate. Off-scale unknown samples were diluted 100-to 1,000-fold and reassayed against the standard curve. Mean inter-and intraassay coefficients ...

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“…Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant organism causing invasive aspergillosis (IA), but other species have become increasingly recognized as important opportunistic pathogens (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Aspergillus

Powers-Fletcher

Hanson

2016

J Clin Microbiol

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The direct detection of Aspergillus nucleic acid in clinical specimens has the potential to improve the diagnosis of aspergillosis by offering more rapid and sensitive identification of invasive infections than is possible with traditional techniques, such as culture or histopathology. Molecular tests for Aspergillus have been limited historically by lack of standardization and variable sensitivities and specificities. Recent efforts have been directed at addressing these limitations and optimizing assay performance using a variety of specimen types. This review provides a summary of standardization efforts and outlines the complexities of molecular testing for Aspergillus in clinical mycology.

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Aspergillosis caused by non-fumigatus Aspergillus species: risk factors and in vitro susceptibility compared with Aspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Detection of Gliotoxin in Experimental and Human Aspergillosis

Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Aspergillus

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