Aspects of the biology of the Japanese snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Abstract

The Japanese snipe Gallinago hardwickii breeds in Japan and migrates south, through

Testing hypotheses about management to enhance habitat for feeding birds in a freshwater wetland

“…Control of water-levels was intended to create areas of emersed sediment along the edges of a shallow pond which contained appropriate food. Therefore, the success of the manipulation depended on a predicted increase in the area available to feed and/or in the amount of potential food, predominantly chironomid larvae and oligochaetes, in these manipulated areas (Frith et al, 1977).…”

First records of prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidia in snipe species (genus Gallinago) of Japan

“…For example, the migratory distributions differ among snipe species. Latham's snipes breed primarily in northernmost Japan and parts of Russia, as well as in selective highlands in areas further south ( Frith et al, 1977 ; Hayman et al, 1986 ; Ura, 2007 ), and migrate south to their wintering sites in eastern Australia ( CeRDI, 2020 ; Frith et al, 1977 ; Ura, 2007 ). Meanwhile, Swinhoe's snipes breed throughout a wide range in parts of Russia and Mongolia, and migrate south through eastern Mongolia, China, and Japan.…”

“…Meanwhile, Swinhoe's snipes breed throughout a wide range in parts of Russia and Mongolia, and migrate south through eastern Mongolia, China, and Japan. The main wintering range lies in Southeast Asia ( Leader and Carey, 2003 ; Morozov, 2004 ), although small populations have also been periodically recorded in northern Australia and other parts of Melanesia ( Frith et al, 1977 ; Hayman et al, 1986 ). Differences in parasite prevalence have been detected in populations or species that have different migratory routes ( Pedro et al, 2019 ; Valkiūnas and Iezhova, 2001 ).…”

“…Juveniles were excluded because adults and juveniles are known to have varying biometrics ( Prater et al, 2007 ). Because sexual dimorphism is known in these species ( Frith et al, 1977 ; Prater et al, 2007 ; Ura et al, 2005 ), males and females were individually tested. Additionally, because seasonal variations in metabolic rates are known in many species ( Bairlein, 2002 ; Frith et al, 1977 ; Jenni-Eiermann et al, 2002 ; Kvist and Lindström, 2001 ), fat score and body mass were evaluated separately for autumn and spring.…”

“…Because sexual dimorphism is known in these species ( Frith et al, 1977 ; Prater et al, 2007 ; Ura et al, 2005 ), males and females were individually tested. Additionally, because seasonal variations in metabolic rates are known in many species ( Bairlein, 2002 ; Frith et al, 1977 ; Jenni-Eiermann et al, 2002 ; Kvist and Lindström, 2001 ), fat score and body mass were evaluated separately for autumn and spring. For groups that had only one or less infected individual, comparisons were not possible.…”