Aspects of spatial and temporal aggregation in estimating regional carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate forest soils

Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Peterjohn, William T.; Rastetter, Edward B.; McGuire, A. David; Steudler, Paul A.; Aber, John D.

doi:10.1029/93jd02964

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Its importance is equal or greater than the estimated terrestrial net primary production [3,34]. It represents the main source of all carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere with a contribution being 20 to 40% of the total flux [22]. The rate at which CO 2 is produced in the soil is largely controlled by soil temperature and water content (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

et al. 2003

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-CO 2 respiratory losses partly determine net carbon ecosystem exchanges. The main objective of this paper was to understand regulation imposed by soil water content and temperature on soil and ecosystem CO 2 efflux in a holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) Mediterranean forest. Soil CO 2 efflux was monitored monthly during 1999 and 2001. Moreover, experimental water treatments were conducted in 1999 over 9 small plots (0.3 m 2 ) during nine months. Results showed strong decreases of soil CO 2 efflux for a relative soil water content below 0.7. Ecosystem respiration measured by eddy covariance over a 4-year period showed strong sensitivity to soil water content and temperature. Severe limitations of soil and ecosystem efflux imposed by low values of soil water content occurred on about 90 days per year. The best adjustments of soil and ecosystem CO 2 efflux were obtained using regression models where the exponential effect of temperature is linearly related to soil water content (r 2 = 0.68 and 0.79 for soil and ecosystem respectively). Our results highlighted strong differences in respiration sensitivity to topsoil moisture between soil and ecosystem. When the relative water content (RWC) is low (0.4), an increase of 1°C provokes an increase of soil respiration of 5.7% and an increase of ecosystem respiration of 8.6%. For nonlimiting soil water conditions, at RWC = 1, the increases of respiration caused by a 1°C temperature increase are of 8.5% and 16.5% for soil and ecosystem respectively. These results emphasized the probable determinant influences of changes in soil water regime for respiratory fluxes and net carbon exchanges of Mediterranean forest ecosystems.CO 2 efflux / soil water content / soil temperature / ecosystem respiration / Mediterranean ecosystem / Quercus ilex Résumé -Le rôle-clé de l'humidité du sol superficiel sur les efflux de CO 2 d'une forêt méditerranéenne de chêne vert. Les pertes de CO 2 par respiration vont déterminer largement les échanges nets de carbone des écosystèmes. L'objectif principal de cet article est de comprendre les régulations imposées par la teneur en eau et la température du sol sur les efflux de CO 2 du sol et de l'écosystème dans une forêt méditerranéenne de chêne vert (Quercus ilex L.). La respiration du sol a été mesurée mensuellement en 1999 et 2001. Par ailleurs, une expérimentation, mise en place en 1999, comprenant trois régimes hydriques a été suivie pendant 9 mois sur 9 parcelles de 0.3 m 2 . Les résultats mettent en évidence la très forte limitation des efflux lorsque la teneur en eau du sol est inférieure à 70 % de sa capacité de rétention. La respiration de l'écosystème mesurée sur une période de 4 ans par la méthode des fluctuations turbulentes montre la même sensibilité aux deux facteurs. Les conditions de fortes limitations par une faible teneur en eau du sol affectent l'écosystème environ 90 jours par an. Les meilleurs ajustements pour la simulation des flux de CO 2 du sol et de l'écosystème sont obtenus pour un modèle dans lequel l'effet exponentiel d...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

et al. 2003

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“…It is a major source of CO 2 entering the atmosphere (20-40% of the total flux, Kicklighter et al, 1994). The soil respiration represents 50 to 80% of the ecosystem respiration, R eco (Janssens et al, 2001;Epron et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed and modelled ecosystem respiration and gross primary production of a grassland in southwestern France

et al. 2010

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Abstract. In this work, the rich dataset acquired at the SMOSREX experimental site is used to enhance the A-gs version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) model. A simple representation of the soil moisture effect on the ecosystem respiration is implemented in the ISBA-A-gs model. It results in an improvement of the modelled CO 2 flux over a grassland in southwestern France. The former temperature-only dependent respiration formulation used in ISBA-A-gs is not able to model the limitation of the respiration under dry conditions. In addition to soil moisture and soil temperature, the only parameter required in this formulation is the ecosystem respiration parameter Re 25 . It can be estimated by means of eddy covariance measurements of turbulent nighttime CO 2 flux (i.e. ecosystem respiration). The resulting correlation between observed and modelled net ecosystem exchange is r 2 =0.63 with a bias of −2.18 µmol m −2 s −1 . It is shown that when CO 2 observations are not available, it is possible to use a more complex model, able to represent the heterotrophic respiration and all the components of the autotrophic respiration, to estimate Re 25 with similar results. The modelled ecosystem respiration estimates are provided by the Carbon Cycle (CC) version of ISBA (ISBA-CC). ISBA-CC is a version of ISBA able to simulate all the respiration components, whereas ISBA-A-gs uses a single equation for ecosystem respiration. ISBA-A-gs is easier to handle and more convenient than ISBA-CC for the practical use in atmospheric orCorrespondence to: J.-C. Calvet (calvet@meteo.fr) hydrological models. Surface water and energy flux observations, as well as Gross Primary Production (GPP) estimates, are compared with model outputs. The dependence of GPP to air temperature is investigated. The observed GPP is less sensitive to temperature than the modelled GPP. Finally, the simulations of the ISBA-A-gs model are analysed over a seven year period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). Modelled soil moisture and Leaf Area Index (LAI) are confronted with the observed surface and root-zone soil moisture content (m 3 m −3 ), and with LAI estimates derived from surface reflectance measurements.

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“…Rastetter et al, 1992;Kicklighter et al, 1994;Ruel and Ayres, 1999;Pasztor et al, 2000;Knapp et al, 2002;Jentsch et al, 2007), studies looking at the effects of climate change on ecosystem function have given perhaps too much attention to changes in the average climate, but not to the full probability distribution of the climate system. The findings of this study can greatly modify past predictions about the effects of future average temperatures on ecosystem respiration, especially for large temporal and spatial scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work on this subject has been focused on producing unbiased estimates of annual or large-scale respiration using temperature data that omits diurnal or seasonal fluctuations (Ågren and Axelsson, 1980;Kicklighter et al, 1994). In the context of global climate change a different question emerges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluating the function with the mean of the random variable will produce a lower amount than taking the mean of the function's evaluations at each value of the random variable. The implications of this inequality for temperaturerespiration studies are: (1) estimates of respiration from temperature data gathered at large spatial and temporal scales include bias or aggregation error (Rastetter et al, 1992;Kicklighter et al, 1994). (2) Modeling studies using average temperature as a driving variable will obtain lower values of respiration than if they were using temperature from weather records; (e.g., Notaro, 2008;Sierra et al, 2009;Medvigy et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in temperature variability

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature, with little attention to changes in temperature variability. Anthropogenic activities are likely to modify both the average state and the variability of the climatic system; therefore, the effects of future warming on decomposition should not only focus on trends in the average temperature, but also variability expressed as a change of the probability distribution of temperature. Using analytical and numerical analyses we tested common relationships between temperature and respiration and found that the variability of temperature plays an important role determining respiration rates of soil organic matter. Changes in temperature variability, without changes in the average temperature, can affect the amount of carbon released through respiration over the longterm. Furthermore, simultaneous changes in the average and variance of temperature can either amplify or dampen the release of carbon through soil respiration as climate regimes change. These effects depend on the degree of convexity of the relationship between temperature and respiration and the magnitude of the change in temperature variance. A potential consequence of this effect of variability would be higher respiration in regions where both the mean and variance of temperature are expected to increase, such as in some low latitude regions; and lower amounts of respiration where the average temperature is expected to increase and the variance to decrease, such as in northern high latitudes.

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Aspects of spatial and temporal aggregation in estimating regional carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate forest soils

Cited by 81 publications

References 60 publications

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

Observed and modelled ecosystem respiration and gross primary production of a grassland in southwestern France

Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in temperature variability

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Aspects of spatial and temporal aggregation in estimating regional carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate forest soils

Cited by 81 publications

References 60 publications

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO2 efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO2 efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

Observed and modelled ecosystem respiration and gross primary production of a grassland in southwestern France

Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in temperature variability

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Product

Resources

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The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO₂ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest