Aspects of minimizing steel corrosion in liquid lead-alloys by addition of oxygen

Creep-to-rupture of the steel P92 at 650°C in oxygen-controlled stagnant lead in comparison to air

“…Temporary temperature variations are in the order of ±2°C. The actual oxygen potential in Pb monitored using Pt/air sensors [25] usually was 965 ± 5 mV, corresponding to an oxygen concentration between 6 Â 10 À7 and 1.7 Â 10 À6 mass%. In some experiments, oxygen control was even better, between 0.99 Â 10 À6 and 0.96 Â 10 À6 mass%.…”

Liquid Metals as Efficient High‐Temperature Heat‐Transport Fluids

“…About 15 years ago, the renewal of the infrastructure at KIT for material tests in liquid metals was started, with special focus on liquid Pb and LBE as well as the controlled addition of oxygen to these liquid metals. From the exposure of material samples to static liquid metals and a flowing gas with a defined oxygen partial pressure in the test facility COSTA, over the erection of the liquid‐metal loop CORRIDA (Figure ) in which approximately 1 t of LBE circulates and is conditioned with respect to a defined oxygen concentration, the capacity for different types of material tests has been expanded to include creep and stress rupture in static liquid metals, flow‐assisted corrosion, and fretting (Table ). Using these facilities, various experimental campaigns were conducted.…”

Early stages of dissolution corrosion in 316L and DIN 1.4970 austenitic stainless steels with and without anticorrosion coatings in static liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 500 °C

“…Active oxygen control aims at steel passivation (i.e., covering the steel surface with thin, protective oxide scales) by maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration in the HLM coolant, CO, within appropriate, system-specific limits (these limits depend on the ΔT of the reactor system, the steels used for its construction, the specific HLM coolant, etc.) [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”