Aspects of late Quaternary geomorphological development in the Khangai Mountains and the Gobi Altai Mountains (Mongolia)

Lehmkuhl, Frank; Nottebaum, Veit; Hülle, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.03.029

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The Khangai mountains consist mainly of Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Mesozoic granitic intrusions, whereas the Altai Gobi mountains is formed by transpressional Cainozoic movements of Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks [33]. Major faults exist along with the Khangai and Altai Gobi mountains, intersecting the Baidrag and Tuin rivers [33]. The Valley of the Gobi Lakes is an elongated inter-montane depression between the Siberian craton and the Tarim craton [33].…”

Section: Geohydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major faults exist along with the Khangai and Altai Gobi mountains, intersecting the Baidrag and Tuin rivers [33]. The Valley of the Gobi Lakes is an elongated inter-montane depression between the Siberian craton and the Tarim craton [33]. The basins of the Valley of the Gobi Lakes are filled with Quaterary alluvial fans, lacustrine sediments, and aeolian deposits [28,33].…”

Section: Geohydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemical Study on Closed-Basin Lakes in Cold and Semi-Arid Climates of the Valley of the Gobi Lakes, Mongolia: Implications for Hydrology and Water Chemistry of Paleolakes on Mars

et al. 2020

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Previous studies suggested that, generally, the climate of early Mars would have been semi-arid when the surface temperatures were above freezing. On early Mars, closed-basin lakes would have been created; however, the hydrogeochemical cycles of the lake systems are poorly constrained. Here we report results of our field surveys to terrestrial analogs of closed-basin lake systems that developed in cold and semi-arid climates: The Valley of the Gobi Lakes of Mongolia. Our results show that groundwater plays a central role not only in hydrology, but also in geochemical cycles in the lake systems. We find that groundwater predominantly flows into the lakes through local seepage and regional flows in semi-arid climates. Through the interactions with calcite-containing soils, local groundwater seepage provides Ca2+ and HCO3− to the lakes. In the wetland located in between the lakes, high-salinity shallow pools would provide Cl− and Na+ to the groundwater through infiltration. If similar processes occurred on early Mars, local seepage of groundwater would have provided magnesium and alkalinity to the early Jezero lakes, possibly leading to authigenic precipitation of lacustrine carbonates. On early Mars, infiltration of surface brine may have transported salts and oxidants on the surface to lakes via regional groundwater flows. We suggest that inflows of multiple types of groundwater in semi-arid climates could have caused redox disequilibria in closed-basin lakes on early Mars.

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Section: Geohydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geohydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Study on Closed-Basin Lakes in Cold and Semi-Arid Climates of the Valley of the Gobi Lakes, Mongolia: Implications for Hydrology and Water Chemistry of Paleolakes on Mars

et al. 2020

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“…Lake Orog Nuur is at an elevation of 1168 m, while the Gurvan Bogd in the south reaches up to 3957 m. The central part of the Guvan Bogd consists of granites, metamorphic rocks, and basalts, while quaternary sediments fill the basin. The Orog Nuur has a size of roughly 140 km 2 and a depth of up to 3 m. However, considerable lake level variations occur in recent times as well as throughout the Holocene [38,39].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, alluvial fans on the southern shore of the lake are much smaller but have steeper gradients. Several terrace generations indicate varying depositional and erosional conditions [39]. Close to the lake on the northern shore several active dune fields developed, and the main dune type are barchans.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate of the area is arid to semi-arid with annual precipitation values of around 100 mm in the basin and most likely higher values in mountain ranges [40]. The precipitation maximum is in June and August [39] under the influence of the mid-latitude westerlies. During wintertime, the area is influenced by the Siberian High with mean monthly temperatures of around −20 • C in the basin.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Roughness Estimation in the Orog Nuur Basin (Southern Mongolia) Using Sentinel-1 SAR Time Series and Ground-Based Photogrammetry

Ullmann

Stauch

2020

Remote Sensing

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This study demonstrates an application-oriented approach to estimate areawide surface roughness from Sentinel1 time series in the semi-arid environment of the Orog Nuur Basin (southern Mongolia) to support recent geomorphological mapping efforts. The relation of selected mono- and multi-temporal SAR features and roughness is investigated by using an empirical multi-model approach and selected 1D and 2D surface roughness indices. These indices were obtained from 48 high-resolution groundbased photogrammetric digital elevation models, which were acquired during a single field campaign. The analysis is backed by a time series analysis, comparing Sentinel-1 features to temporalcorresponding observations and reanalysis datasets on soil moisture conditions, land surface temperature, occurrence of precipitation events, and presence and development of vegetation. Results show that Sentinel1 features are hardly sensitive to the changing surface conditions over none to sparsely vegetated land, indicating very dry conditions throughout the year. Consequently, surface roughness is the dominating factor altering SAR intensity. The best correlation is found for the combined surface roughness index ZValue (ratio between the root mean square height and the correlation length) and the mean summer VH intensity with an r2 coefficient of 0.83 and an RootMeanSquare Error of 0.032.

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Formation, mechanism and significance of alluvial‐dammed lakes in Golmud River catchment, north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Chen

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This study investigated a series of dammed lakes and downstream-adjacent alluvial fans in the upstream to middle reaches of the Golmud River in the eastern Kunlun Mountain, on the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). An optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology shows the sediments of five dammed lakes developed from c. 45-40, 30-25, 18-14, and 12-8 ka, corresponding to MIS 3b, late MIS 3a, Last Deglaciation, and early Holocene, respectively. The remote sensing data show these dammed lakes have a total area of 109.4 km 2 , with the lake volume of more than 4.0 km 3 . Symmetric alluvial fans from north-south tributary valleys produced OSL ages of c. 61-52, 42-31, 26-20, and 16-10 ka, corresponding to glaciation periods: the MIS 3c and MIS 3a, MIS 2, and the Last Deglaciation. This suggests that glacial activity is responsible for the alluvial fan development, where dammed rivers occurred first, but lake formation did not take place synchronously until later periods of strong hydrologic activity, resulting from northward intrusions of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or glacier melt. Thus, the blocking pattern is that river valleys were dammed during periods of glacial activity and lakes formed during wet periods. The lake formation and subsequent drainage may have resulted in:(i) impeded headwater incision and strengthening of downstream dissection;(ii) enriched the halite and potash in the distal Qarhan Salt Lake through hydrologic and hydrochemical processes of abundant water input, the salt lake expansion, salt redissolution from playa and final resedimentation during later dry periods. The alluvial-dammed lake pattern in the mountain-basin systems of eastern Kunlun Mountain offers a model for assessing the linkages between monsoon dynamics, geomorphic processes and distal salt lake evolutions in other arid regions. K E Y W O R D S alluvial-dammed lakes, eastern Kunlun Mountain, OSL dating, paleoclimate changes, salt lake evolution 1 | INTRODUCTION Systematic investigation of the geomorphologic evolution of drainage basins can provide insight into the response of mountain-basin systems to global paleoclimate fluctuations (An, Liu et al., 2018c;Whipple, 2004;Whipple & Tucker, 1999). Reconstructed paleoclimate oscillations from geomorphic processes often focuses on specific sedimentary or geomorphological archives such as fluvial terraces, dammed lake relicts, aeolian sediment sections, and alluvial or glacial landforms. Studies of the coupling relationships between geomorphic dynamics and paleoclimate changes have been carried out worldwide in recent years, for example response of Late Quaternary terrace evolution to climate changes in western Europe and North America

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Aspects of late Quaternary geomorphological development in the Khangai Mountains and the Gobi Altai Mountains (Mongolia)

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Hydrogeochemical Study on Closed-Basin Lakes in Cold and Semi-Arid Climates of the Valley of the Gobi Lakes, Mongolia: Implications for Hydrology and Water Chemistry of Paleolakes on Mars

Hydrogeochemical Study on Closed-Basin Lakes in Cold and Semi-Arid Climates of the Valley of the Gobi Lakes, Mongolia: Implications for Hydrology and Water Chemistry of Paleolakes on Mars

Surface Roughness Estimation in the Orog Nuur Basin (Southern Mongolia) Using Sentinel-1 SAR Time Series and Ground-Based Photogrammetry

Formation, mechanism and significance of alluvial‐dammed lakes in Golmud River catchment, north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

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