Aspects Considered in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer for Radioiodine Therapy

Abstract

Thyroid cancer incidence has rapidly increased in high-income countries for the past 30 years. The increase in thyroid cancer cases may be due to improved diagnostic methods or exposure to unknown risk factors. Even though new thyroid cancer cases have increased, the mortality rate is relatively stable. Most thyroid cancer is differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Conventional management of DTC consists of near-total thyroidectomy followed by ablation therapy with radioiodine-131 (RAI). RAI was first used nearly 80 years ago to treat thyroid cancer and still plays a pivotal role in managing DTC. There are three RAI therapy options: remnant ablation, adjuvant therapy, and known disease treatments. After thyroid resection, radioactive Iodine-131 (RAI) is recommended for patients with intermediate to high risk of recurrent disease or distant metastases. Long-term follow-up is needed to detect a persistence or recurrence of the disease after initial RAI administration. RAI effectively improves treatment efficiency and reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis post-thyroid resection. Clinical outcome prediction is ultimately defined by appropriate management. This article will review some factors to consider when planning RAI therapy for DTC and subsequent surveillance after the therapy.

A Mathematical Model for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Combination Therapy

“…These conditions can be obtained by choosing appropriate values for the constants 𝑎 1 , 𝑎 2 , 𝑎 3 , 𝑎 4 Choosing 𝑎 1 = 𝛿 2 , 𝑎 2 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛( 𝛿 2 , 𝜇 2 , (𝛾+𝜌 1 )…”

“…DTC is characterized by a generally good prognosis, with treatment typically involving hemithyroidectomy for microcarcinoma and total thyroidectomy with subsequent radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) therapy for other cases (3) . The familial form of DTC is becoming more prevalent, accounting for a significant portion of cases, and is associated with heritable predisposition (4) . Over diagnosis and over treatment of DTC have led to increased healthcare costs, emphasizing the need for cost-effectiveness studies to guide future solutions (5) .…”