Aspectos eco-epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Município de Campinas

Abstract

The authors describe an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis from February 1993 to September 1994 in the districts of Sousas and Joaquim Egídio, Campinas, São Paulo State. Out of a total of 25 cases, seven occurred in the countryside, nine in the periurban area, and nine in the urban area. The authors observed a shift in the occurrence of leishmaniasis cases from rural to urban areas. Cases in males predominated over females (60%/40%). Some 44% of the cases occurred in individuals ranging from 11 to 30 years of age. Some 48% of cases occurred in students, domestic workers, and housewives. In 90% of the cases, the disease presented as a single lesion, located predominantly on the upper and lower limbs. The appearance of cases in the region is probably related to the expansion of urban areas occurring in the 1970s and 1980s, a trend which intensified further more recently.

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in humans and dogs from rural settlements in Northern Paraná State, Brazil

“…This result was lower to that observed by Gomes et al (1992), in the Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, where 10.2% (27/273) were seropositive, by Silveira et al (1996a) Among the seropositive there were women, children and people who reported that they performed only housework. These findings are in agreement with observations from the literature where the infection may be occurring in domiciliary and peridomiciliary area (CUNHA; LIMA; POMPEU, 2006;CORTE et al 1996;FALQUETO et al, 1986FALQUETO et al, , 1991GOMES et al, 1992;OLIVEIRA NETO et al, 1988).…”

Distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1992 a 2003

“…Corte e cols descreveram o surto da doença em parte da região Leste (Sousas e Joaquim Egídeo) associando o surgimento de casos à expansão urbana com desmatamento e preservação de pequenas áreas circunscritas de matas residuais, ciliares e resultantes de reflorestamento 5 . Após a consolidação imobiliária na região notificou-se um silêncio epidemiológico embora as matas continuem preservadas.…”

The first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Campinas, State of São Paulo Southeastern Brazil

“…Previous studies show a correlation between cases of AVL and the distance between forest and residences in which the risk of infection by L. chagasi was higher in dogs living in areas of dense vegetation compared to dogs living at a distance of 100m or farther from forest areas 10,11 . Although autochthonous canine cases of AVL have been identifi ed in this region only since 2009, an outbreak of human American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) was documented previously in this same area between 1993 and 1994 12 . Cases of ATL were associated with the presence of riparian forest or small fragments of wooded areas.…”

“…Cases of ATL were associated with the presence of riparian forest or small fragments of wooded areas. The great majority of cases suggested that the residence itself was the probable site of infection, and these residences were always situated close to or inside the forest 12,13 .…”

“…Entomological investigation conducted in 1993-1994 and 2009-2010 showed that L. whitmani, an implied vector in cases of ATL in the American continent 14 , was the predominant species of the phlebotomine fauna in that region 12 .…”