Aspectos de la medición dinámica instantánea de emisiones de motores. Aplicación al desarrollo de un equipo portátil y una metodología para estudios de contaminación de vehículos en tráfico real.

Study of the emissions in the diesel engines: a review

“…The engine design techniques used to reduce polluting emissions, mainly NOx and particulate matter, are:  Combustion chamber To reduce the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx, the amount of fuel that goes into combustion in the pre-mixing and diffusion stages can be controlled. This is possible if the mechanism of mixing the fuel in the air is modified with the help of the position and shape of the combustion chamber that is carved on the piston [22].…”

“…As shown in the graph of Figure 5, the areas in which NOx and particulate matter emissions occur must be taken into account, which is why it is important to regulate the engine to avoid these conditions inside the combustion chamber. The different phases [22]. Another technique based on low-temperature combustion is Combustion PCCI (Premixed Charge with Compression Ignition), in which NOx and particulate matter emissions are minimal, but with a considerable increase in CO and hydrocarbon emissions.…”

“… Injection air cooling The use of an air cooler at the outlet of the turbo compressor, in the case of engines with supercharging, allows to achieve a low temperature in the combustion and therefore reduce NOx emissions [22].…”

“…To carry out its function, the catalytic substance is deposited on a support by the interior in which the exhaust gases that have the greatest contact with the catalyst circulate. The support can be manufactured in a metallic matrix or ceramic monolith, and the catalyst substances can be Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, and mixtures between them [22]. One of the gas post-treatment technologies that use catalysts is the LNT (Lean NOx Trap).…”

“…Among the technologies that use reactors to reduce emissions is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR -Selective Catalytic Reduction) system. In this system, which serves to reduce NOx emissions, ammonia or urea is injected into the exhaust gases and allowed to pass through catalytic substances formed from mixtures of vanadium and titanium [22].…”