“…English words in each condition were matched for log10 word frequency per million (D mean = 2.94, SD = 0.78; FS mean = 2.74, SD = 0.75; OH mean = 3.22, SD = 0.84; BA mean = 3.47; SD = 0.87; TH mean = 3.29, SD = 0.86; from SUBTLEX US : http://expsy.ugent.be/subtlexus/), letter length (D mean = 5.75, SD = 1.33; FS mean = 5.73, SD = 1.32; OH mean = 5.75, SD = 1.39; BA mean = 5.75; SD = 1.71; TH mean = 5.75, SD = 1.39), and imageability (rating data from the MRC psycholinguistics database for how easy it is to create a sensory image of a word: D mean = 499, SD = 89; FS mean = 498, SD = 79; OH mean = 497, SD = 92; BA mean = 497; SD = 118; TH mean = 495, SD = 107). The signs produced in the three translation conditions were matched for subjective frequency based on our database of frequency ratings of ASL signs rated on a scale of 1 (very infrequent) to 7 (very frequent) (Caselli, Sevcikova Sehyr, Cohen-Goldberg, & Emmorey, 2016): one-handed signs (mean = 4.65; SD = 0.92); two-handed signs (mean = 4.44; SD = 1.34); body-anchored signs (mean = 4.68; SD = 1.16). The English words in the translation task consistently elicited the expected ASL sign – a different sign translation was produced by participants for only 2% of the data.…”