Asians as stereotypes and students: Misperceptions that persist

Yee, Albert H.

doi:10.1007/bf01322396

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Despite efforts to more carefully explore the validity of this "model minority" label, the stereotype persists (Yee, 1992). Stereotypes tend to reflect perceptions held in society rather than real characteristics of groups (Sue and Kitano, 1973), and there have been limited studies on API youth and their families to counteract existing stereotypes.…”

Section: Two Sides Of the "Model Minority"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, API youth did not differ significantly from white youth on most behavior indicators. The same study found no coexistence of prominently positive and highly negative behaviors among API youth (Choi and Lahey, 2006).Despite efforts to more carefully explore the validity of this "model minority" label, the stereotype persists (Yee, 1992). Stereotypes tend to reflect perceptions held in society rather than real characteristics of groups (Sue and Kitano, 1973), and there have been limited studies on API youth and their families to counteract existing stereotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents

Choi

2006

J Youth Adolescence

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Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study tests whether the relationship between academic achievement and problem behaviors is the same across racial and ethnic groups. Some have suggested that academic achievement may be a weaker predictor of problem behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American (API) youth; that they can have high grades but still exhibit problem behaviors. This study finds that academic performance is a significant predictor of aggressive and nonaggressive delinquent offenses, gang initiation, sexual behaviors, and substance use, and that the relationship generally does not vary by race and ethnicity. Thus, there is little evidence that API youth are high achievers who are also engaging significantly in problem behaviors. The existing perceptions of API youth may be largely based on stereotype and ambivalence. Keywords API youth; Academic achievement; Problem behaviors; Interrelations of youth behaviors; EtiologyIdentifying risk factors of problems is critical to designing effective interventions (Mrazek and Haggerty, 1994). Problem behaviors among youth are highly correlated with one another and often share etiology . For example, academic underachievement and school problems are significantly associated with violence, delinquency, and substance use (Huzinga and Jakob-Chien, 1998). Similarly, higher academic performance and better school behaviors predict lower rates of risk behaviors (Maguin and Loeber, 1996). Early problem behaviors among youth are also one of the strongest predictors of later problem behaviors (Moffitt, 1993). Many youth who are incarcerated report previous school problems and drug use (Dryfoos, 1998). These findings are consistent across both gender and age (Thornberry et al., 1995). © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006Correspondence to: Yoonsun Choi, yoonsun@uchicago.edu. Yoonsun Choi is an Assistant Professor at the School of Social Service Administration. Her fields of special interest include minority youth development; effects of race, ethnicity, and culture in youth development; children of immigrants; Asian American youth; prevention of youth problem behaviors; and research methods. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptHowever, it is less clear whether the associations between youth behaviors are also consistent across racial and ethnic groups. Although Asian Pacific Islander American (API) youth academically perform better than other racial and ethnic groups (Choi and Lahey, 2006), some suggest, but do not empirically show, that academic achievement may be a weaker predictor of problem behaviors among API youth compared with other racial and ethnic groups of youth (Kang and Saar, 1996; Seo, 1995). For example, Vietnamese youth earned the highest grades among student samples in a San Diego study (Rumbaut, 1997). At the same time, they were the fourth-largest group on probation, following Hispanic, white, and black youth in California, and their probation ...

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Section: Two Sides Of the "Model Minority"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents

Choi

2006

J Youth Adolescence

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“…The competent but cold stereotype tends to occur toward -model‖ minorities such as Asian Americans, who are viewed as highly competent (e.g., intelligent, capable, ambitious, hard-working, mathematical, skillful, and self-disciplined; Cuddy et al, 2007;Fiske et al, 2002b;Ho & Jackson, 2001;Kao, 2000;Lin et al, 2005;Yee, 1992). In the earliest study on stereotype content, White Americans rated the Japanese as intelligent and industrious (Katz & Braly, 1933); contemporary research suggests that this stereotype has remained constant.…”

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confidence: 99%

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

Cuddy¹,

Glick

Beninger³

2011

Research in Organizational Behavior

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550

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“…Studies suggest that API American youth are at greater risk for emotional and social difficulties than youth of other racial and ethnic groups (Yee 1992;Wong et al 1998). These difficulties include low self-esteem, high angst, and social isolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Model Minority Stereotype: Youth Behaviors across Racial and Ethnic Groups

Choi

Lahey

2006

Social Service Review

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Using data from a large nationally representative sample of adolescents attending school, this study tests the stereotype that youth of Asian Pacific Islander ethnicity (API) are the model minority. The results suggest that, except for substance use, API American youth do not report fewer delinquent behaviors than white youth; in fact, API American youth report slightly higher numbers of aggressive offenses than white youth, and female API American youth report greater numbers of nonaggressive offenses than white female youth. Also, API American youth report higher rates of nonaggressive offenses and substance use than do black youth. The mental health and social service needs of API American youth are thus at least as great as those of white youth. The need for such services increases with the length of residency in the United States.According to the stereotype, Asian Pacific Islander (API) Americans are the "model minority" (Kitano 1969, 257): they work hard, they behave well, and they succeed. 1 In fact, API Americans are often regarded as "whiter than white" (Sue and Kitano 1973, 87). The stereotype also generally presents API Americans as being self-sufficient, in that they take care of their own problems within the family or the community. However, it is questionable whether the model minority stereotype is accurate. There are few empirical studies comparing API Americans' behaviors with those of other racial and ethnic groups. In those studies that do exist, there is conflicting evidence as to whether API Americans behave better than other racial and ethnic groups.Some studies confirm positive and healthy outcomes among API American youth. A large proportion of these studies focus on academic performance (e.g., Schneider et al. 1994; Rumbaut 1997a). A study conducted in southern California indicates that API American children, most of whom are immigrants, outperform the district norm at every grade level and that schools classify a disproportionate number of API American children as gifted (Rumbaut 1997a). The mass media, too, often portray API American children as academic whizzes. Furthermore, some studies find that API American youth are less likely than their counterparts in other racial and ethnic groups to use substances (Bachman et al. 1991; Price et al. 2002), commit violent juvenile offenses (McNulty and Bellair 2003), or be arrested (Le 2002).© 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved 1 There is no clear consensus in the use of racial and ethnic terms. Studies and researchers often use terms interchangeably. For example, European Americans are often described as white and African Americans as black. In this study, white, black, API American, and Hispanic classifications are derived from survey questionnaire responses; respondents used these terms to identity their racial and ethnic group memberships. Thus, e.g., the term "black" identifies individuals who identify themselves as black or African Americans in the survey. Respondents in this group include nonimmigrants as w...

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Asians as stereotypes and students: Misperceptions that persist

Cited by 70 publications

References 57 publications

Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents

Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

Testing the Model Minority Stereotype: Youth Behaviors across Racial and Ethnic Groups

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