Asian immigrant tuberculosis—the effect of visiting asia

McCarthy, O.R.

doi:10.1016/s0007-0971(84)80118-7

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Tuberculosis among immigrants tends to frequently cluster in the initial period following arrival [10,11]. What has been shown for the UK and USA [11] was similarly apparent in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany

Forssbohm¹,

Zwahlen²,

et al. 2007

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The aim of the present study was to determine the demographics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany.Data on 26,302 tuberculosis cases from a national survey carried out during the period 1996-2000 were analysed.The crude proportion of tuberculosis patients with extrapulmonary manifestations was 21.6%. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was most likely among females, children aged ,15 yrs and persons originating from Africa and Asia. Females tended to be more likely to have any form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis than males, except pleural tuberculosis. The strength of this association was strongest in the age range 25-64 yrs and less pronounced amongst the oldest patients. Children were particularly prone to the development of lymphatic and meningeal tuberculosis, whereas the likelihood of genitourinary tuberculosis increased with increasing age. Asian and African patients were generally more likely than persons from other areas to have lymphatic, osteoarticular, meningeal and miliary tuberculosis.The analysis shows important differences, by age, sex and origin, in the likelihood of a tuberculosis patient presenting with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Since the relative contribution of the foreign-born to tuberculosis in low-prevalence countries is rising, extrapulmonary tuberculosis must be taken into account more often in the differential diagnostic work-up of these patients, particularly among those originating from Asia and Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany

Forssbohm¹,

Zwahlen²,

et al. 2007

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“…Thus, Asian immigrants have arrived from different countries through many decades and constitute a heterogeneous group. Some may also have been infected during recent visits to their country of origin [19]. For these reasons it was not surprising that a low degree of transmission was found in this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Heldal¹,

Dahle²,

Sandven³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

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In recent decades, the decline of tuberculosis has stopped in Western Europe, mainly due to increased immigration from high-prevalence countries. The objective of the current study was to identify risk factors for developing tuberculosis following recent infection, in order to better target interventions.Strains from 861 culture-positive cases, diagnosed in Norway in 1994-1999, were analysed by use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A cluster was defined as two or more isolates with identical RFLP patterns. Risk factors for being part of a cluster were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.A total of 134 patients were part of a cluster. These constituted 5% Asian-born, 18% Norwegian-born, 24% European-born and 29% African-born patients. Four independent risk factors for being part of a cluster were identified: being born in Norway, being of young age, being infected with an isoniazid-resistant strain and being infected with a multidrug-resistant strain.Transmission of tuberculosis may be further reduced by improving case management, contact tracing, preventive treatment, screening of immigrants and access to health services for the foreign-born population. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 637-642.

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“…Older contacts have had a higher accumulated risk on contact with other TB patients. Even in those children that were born in the Netherlands, not all may be infected by the presumed index case, since return visits to the home region or country may be frequent and affect the risk of infection [26]. No effect of living in the same household or frequency of contact, as others had found, could be ascertained, probably since only close contacts were included in the present study [11,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Tuberculosis infection in children who are contacts of immigrant tuberculosis patients

Verver¹

2005

Eur Respir J

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The present study aimed to determine what proportion of children who are in close contact with immigrant tuberculosis (TB) patients are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.For 1.5 yrs, 14 municipal health services in the Netherlands collected data from all non-Dutch TB patients and their contacts. Close contacts aged ,16 yrs received a tuberculin skin test (TST). A positive TST was defined as an induration of o10 mm among nonvaccinated children, and o16 mm among bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated children.In total, 244 patients had 359 close contacts aged ,16 yrs. Nine out of the 359 (2.5%) had TB. A TST test was given to 298 out of the 359 (83%). Of the 115 contacts of 44 extrapulmonary TB patients, three (3%) had a positive TST. Of the 186 contacts of 58 positive pulmonary TB patients, 30 (16%) had a positive TST. Contacts of sputum smear-positive patients significantly more often had a positive TST (25%), compared with the contacts of sputum smear-negative patients (7%). Children born abroad significantly more often had a positive TST (20%) than children born in the Netherlands (5%).In conclusion, the prevalence of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection among children who are close contacts of immigrant tuberculosis patients is high and warrants an expansion of contact investigation.

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Asian immigrant tuberculosis—the effect of visiting asia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany

Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis infection in children who are contacts of immigrant tuberculosis patients

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