Asian grapevine leaf rust caused by Phakopsora euvitis: an important disease in Brazil

Abstract

Anthropogenic influences such as tourism and climate change affect ecosystems. One consequence is that invasive species can spread to and colonize novel areas. A recent example of this scenario is the appearance, in the early 2000s in Brazil and Australia, of the plant pathogenic fungus Phakopsora euvitis, which causes Asian grapevine leaf rust. It is speculated that the disease was introduced either by long distance transport of spores in the atmosphere or the import of contaminated plant material. While the disease could be eradicated from the Australian continent it is still present in Brazil. The pathogen has spread successfully throughout most Brazilian grapevine-growing regions, most probably because of the lack of resistant plant cultivars. Today, the disease is endemic in Brazil. This review was written to highlight the increasing impact of the disease in Brazil and summarizes the current knowledge on the disease monocycle under different environmental conditions and the consequences for grapevine management. Gaps in the present state of knowledge are highlighted with the purpose of stimulating further research aimed at identifying efficient strategies to combat the disease.

Formation of satellite uredinia as an important trait related to grapevine colonization by Phakopsora meliosmae‐myrianthae

“…= P . euvitis ), presents similar symptoms to Asian soybean rust, such as a high frequency of pustules per leaf concomitantly with host tissue necrosis surrounding uredinia, and early leaf fall (Ono et al , ; Primiano et al , ). Like P .…”

“…Asian grapevine leaf rust, caused by P. meliosmaemyrianthae (syn. = P. euvitis), presents similar symptoms to Asian soybean rust, such as a high frequency of pustules per leaf concomitantly with host tissue necrosis surrounding uredinia, and early leaf fall (Ono et al, 2012;Primiano et al, 2017). Like P. pachyrhizi, P. meliosmaemyrianthae significantly reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of grapevine leaves, even beyond the limits of the lesions (Kumudini et al, 2010;Nogueira J unior et al, 2017).…”

Comparative epidemiology of grapevine and soybean rusts

“…We conclude that the epidemiological behaviour of P. meliosmae-myrianthae is similar to P. pachyrhizi. (Yang et al, 1990;Primiano et al, 2017;. In grapevines infected with P. meliosmae-myrianthae, reduced carbohydrate reserves resulted in the reduction of grapevine vigour in years following epidemics (Nogueira .…”

“…Asian grapevine leaf rust, caused by P. meliosmae-myrianthae (syn. = P. euvitis), presents similar symptoms to Asian soybean rust, such as a high frequency of pustules per leaf, necrosis surrounding uredinia, and early leaf fall Primiano et al 2017;). Like P. pachyrhizi, P. meliosmae-myrianthae significantly reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of grapevine leaves, even beyond the limits of the lesions ).…”

“…Thus, satellite uredinia and massive urediniospore production should modify the metabolic flow in the host, resulting in severe damage to its hosts. Although the occurrence of satellite uredinia has already been reported in Asian grapevine leaf rust (Primiano et al 2017), there are no studies that have precisely quantified the lesion growth of P. meliosmaemyrianthae on grapevine leaves. Comparative epidemiology is a powerful tool with great potential to advance the understanding of pathogen colonization strategies .…”