Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission

Abstract

Abstract. A new inventory of air pollutant emissions inAsia in the year 2006 is developed to support the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources, excluding biomass burning. We estimate total Asian anthropogenic emissions in the year 2006 as follows: 47.1 Tg SO 2 , 36.7 Tg NO x , 298.2 Tg CO, 54.6 Tg NMVOC, 29.2 Tg PM 10 , 22.2 Tg PM 2.5 , 2.97 Tg BC, and 6.57 Tg OC. We emphasize emissions from China because they dominate the Asia pollutant outflow to the Pacific and the increase of emissions from China since 2000 is of great concern. We have implemented a series of improved methodologies to gain a better understanding of emissions from China, including a detailed technologybased approach, a dynamic methodology representing rapid technology renewal, critical examination of energy statistics, and a new scheme of NMVOC speciation for modelready emissions. We estimate China's anthropogenic emissions in the year 2006 to be as follows: 31.0 Tg SO 2 , 20.8 Tg NO x , 166.9 Tg CO, 23.2 Tg NMVOC, 18.2 Tg PM 10 , 13.3 Tg PM 2.5 , 1.8 Tg BC, and 3.2 Tg OC. We have also estimated 2001 emissions for China using the same methodology and found that all species show an increasing trend during 2001-2006: 36% increase for SO 2 , 55% for NO x , 18% for CO, 29% for VOC, 13% for PM 10 , and 14% for Correspondence to: Q. Zhang (zhangq@anl.gov) PM 2.5 , BC, and OC. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 30 min×30 min and can be accessed at our web site (http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006).

Chemical characteristics of long-range-transported fine particulate matter at Gosan, Jeju Island, in the spring and fall of 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2012

“…In eastern China, including Shandong and Henan Provinces, there are abundant SO 2 emission industrial sources, and the concentration significantly increased after 2000 (Zhang et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2010). In sulfate-dominant LTP events, gasphase ammonia and carbonate/bicarbonate in dust and sea spray are not sufficient to fully neutralize the sulfate (i.e., acid) due to high SO 2 emissions over the industrial area of China (Lu et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009). The AOD data during LTP 6 (sulfate-dominant) event are also shown in Figure 8, including data before and after the event.…”

On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China

“…As estimated by Zhang et al (2009), vehicle emission of carbon monoxide (CO) in China in 2006 was 33.7 Tg. According to China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report 2014 released by Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China (http:// wfs.mep.gov.cn/dq/jdc/zh/201412/P020141230404147970928.pdf), China's motor vehicle CO emission was estimated to be 34.4 Tg in 2013.…”

Exploring Possible Missing Sinks of Nitrate and Its Precursors in Current Air Quality Models —A Case Simulation in the Pearl River Delta, China, Using an Observation-Based Box Model

“…The results calculated for the last 24 h were used as the output. The emission rates of several species were taken from Zhang et al (2009a). Additional loss by deposition, with a corresponding lifetime of three days, was assumed to prevent the buildup of unrealistic amounts of secondary products.…”

“…A detailed description of the model is provided in Li et al (2012a). Four simulations (S1: without R1 and R2; S2: with the suggested γ HNO3 , but without γ HONO ; S3: with the suggested γ HONO , but without γ HNO3 ; and S4: with the suggested γ HNO3 and γ HONO ) were conducted based on the 2006 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (INTEX-B) emissions prepared by Zhang et al (2009a) at a 45 km resolution.…”