Asian Development Outlook 2021: Financing a Green and Inclusive Recovery

doi:10.22617/fls210163-3

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Notes 1 https://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/revenue-statistics-asia-pacific-technical-webinar-2021.htm.…”

Section: Special Feature: Emerging Challenges For the Region In The Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand are part of the OECD (37) group. Data for Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and the OECD average are taken from Revenue Statistics 2020 (OECD, 2020 [1]) 2018 data are used for the Africa (30) average, Australia and Japan, as 2019 data are not available. Source: Authors' calculations based on Table 3.1 in Chapter 3.…”

Section: Tax-to-gdp Ratios In 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51] OECD (2020), Revenue Statistics 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/8625f8e5-en. [1] OECD (2019), Application of the Going for Growth Framework to Kazakhstan. [22]…”

Section: Rents and Royalties Interests And Dividendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To support businesses and households, fiscal policy has played a big role in the immediate response to the crisis and will continue to play an important role in the economic recovery from COVID-19. In Asia and the Pacific, developing countries' governments committed close to USD 3.7 trillion (ADB, 2021 [1]) to respond to the pandemic as of March 2021 but even with this eye-wateringly large sum, economic losses for the region are estimated by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) at between USD 1.4 trillion to USD 2.2 trillion for 2020 alone (ADB, 2020 [2]). ADB also estimates the region will lose up to 167 million jobs with 78 million more people falling into extreme poverty, undoing several years of progress in poverty reduction (ADB, 2021 [3]).…”

Section: Emerging Challenges For the Asia-pacific Region In The Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notes 1 According to the latest data available in the ADB Key Indicators Database, 17 out of 30 ADB developing member countries (DMCs) have experienced decrease of the ratio by more than 1% in the past 10 years, or stagnant (between -1% and 1%), while the 13 others have achieved significant progress with increase of the ratio by more than 1%.…”

Section: Proactive Participation In International Tax Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of US dollars at market exchange rates

2021

Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2021

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and Viet Nam. Four of these economies are OECD members (Australia, Korea, Japan and New Zealand). The approach used in Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific is based on the well-established methodology of the OECD Revenue Statistics (OECD, 2020), which has become an essential reference source for OECD member countries. Comparisons are also made with the averages for OECD economies, Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries and 30 African countries.In this publication, the term "taxes" is confined to compulsory, unrequited payments to general government. As outlined in the Interpretative Guide to the Revenue Statistics, taxes are "unrequited" in the sense that benefits provided by government to taxpayers are not normally in proportion to their payments. The OECD methodology classifies a tax according to its base: income, profits and capital gains (classified under heading 1000), payroll (heading 3000), property (heading 4000), goods and services (heading 5000) and other taxes (heading 6000). Compulsory social security contributions paid to general government are treated as taxes, and are classified under heading 2000. Greater detail on the tax concept, the classification of taxes and the accrual basis of reporting is set out in the Interpretative Guide in Annex A.

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“…Notes 1 https://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/revenue-statistics-asia-pacific-technical-webinar-2021.htm.…”

Section: Special Feature: Emerging Challenges For the Region In The Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tax-to-gdp Ratios In 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rents and Royalties Interests And Dividendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emerging Challenges For the Asia-pacific Region In The Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proactive Participation In International Tax Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of US dollars at market exchange rates

2021

Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2021

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Can China achieve its climate pledge: a multi-scenario simulation of China’s energy-related CO2 emission pathways based on Kaya identity

Liu

Zhang

Yuan

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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China is currently in the process of the middle and late stage of industrialization, and energy-related CO 2 emissions have reached 10 Gt. This paper models energy consumption and related CO 2 emissions and analyzes the development trends of various driving factors of CO 2 emissions, explicitly considering China’s economic and social development goals in the medium- and long-term. Different scenarios for 2020–2060 are projected based on the Kaya identity. Energy consumption will peak at 6,200 Mtce in 2035 in the BAU scenario with the energy-related CO 2 emissions peaking at 11.1 Gt in 2026–2027 advanced by the rising non-fossil energy share, while energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the accelerated transition scenario would be potentially reduced by 300 Mtce and 300–400 Mt respectively. In the BAU scenario, the net CO 2 emissions will remain around 2,000 Mt in 2060, after removing 1,800 Mt by CCS/CCUS, indicating that China needs to enhance its post-2030 policy to deliver the carbon neutrality pledge. Steady energy efficiency improvement, radical industrial and energy restructuring are three key driving forces for carbon neutrality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-21044-w.

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Finance-Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Is it Important to Quantify Financial Development?

Golder¹,

Sultana²,

Hossain³

et al. 2021

ujaf

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This study aims to examine empirically whether financial development can promote economic growth in Bangladesh. It employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and takes annual data from 1987 to 2019. This study confirms a cointegrating relationship between financial development and economic growth. The nature of this relationship is unidirectional, running from financial development to economic growth. The outcome of the study confirms that financial development, as proxied by private sector loans and broad money supply, augments economic growth in the long-run. As for the control variables, gross domestic savings show an insignificant impact on economic growth when private sector loans are proxied for financial development. However, it confirms a substantial impact on economic growth when broad money supply is proxied for financial development. More interestingly, trade openness, another control variable, suggests an adverse impact on economic growth in the long-run. However, it has a substantial positive influence on economic growth in the short-run. In the short-run, broad money supply at lag 2 and gross domestic savings significantly affect economic growth when broad money supply is proxied for financial development. The findings of this study advocate that a robust and dynamic financial structure in Bangladesh is a critical success factor for developing the country's economic growth.

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Asian Development Outlook 2021: Financing a Green and Inclusive Recovery

Abstract: The Asian Development Outlook 2021 presents economic prospects for developing Asia and the Pacific. It includes analysis of the impacts of school closures caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and a theme chapter on financing a green and inclusive recovery.

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of US dollars at market exchange rates

Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of US dollars at market exchange rates

Can China achieve its climate pledge: a multi-scenario simulation of China’s energy-related CO2 emission pathways based on Kaya identity

Finance-Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Is it Important to Quantify Financial Development?

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