Asian American client adherence to Asian cultural values, counselor expression of cultural values, couselor ethnicity, and career counseling process.

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships among client adherence to Asian cultural values, counselor expression of cultural values, counselor ethnicity, and career counseling process with Asian American college students. Clients who had high adherence to Asian cultural values evaluated Asian American counselors as more empathic and credible than did clients with low adherence to Asian values, and clients who had low adherence to Asian cultural values evaluated European American counselors as more empathic than did clients with high adherence to Asian values. Contrary to expectations, clients rated the session with a European American counselor as more positive and arousing than the session with an Asian American counselor. Limitations and implications of the results are discussed.

A Psychometric Revision of the Asian Values Scale Using the Rasch Model

“…However, in another study of single-session counseling, Kim, Li, and Liang (2002), using all European American counselors, found that Asian American clients with high scores on the AVS perceived greater counselor empathy and working alliances than did clients with low AVS scores. This latter finding is directly contradictory to the findings from Kim and Atkinson's (2002) sample with European American counselors. It is difficult to make sense of the inconsistent findings regarding values adherence and differences in counselor ethnicity, because there may be many alternative explanations for these findings (e.g., presence of moderator variables).…”

“…These studies were Chung, Kim, and Abreu (2004); Kim and Atkinson (2002); Kim et al (1999); ; Kim, Hill, et al (2003); Kim, Li, and Ng (2003); Kim and Omizo (2003);and Liang, Li, and Kim (2004).…”

“…In particular, two studies have examined the effects of client adherence to Asian cultural values on single-session outcome with Asian American college student clients. Kim and Atkinson (2002) found that when counselors were Asian American, the clients who had high scores on the AVS rated the counselors as more empathic and credible than did the clients with low AVS scores. In contrast, when the counselors were European American, the clients with low AVS scores rated the counselors as more empathic than did the clients with high AVS scores.…”

Client Adherence to Asian Cultural Values, Common Factors in Counseling, and Session Outcome With Asian American Clients at a University Counseling Center

“…Kim and Atkinson (2002) found that Asian American clients who had strong adherence to Asian cultural values evaluated Asian American counselors as being more empathic and credible than did clients with weaker adherence to these values. In addition, Asian Americans who had weak adherence to Asian values perceived European American counselors as being more empathic than did clients with stronger adherence to these values.…”

Counseling Outcome as a Function of Counselor Nationality for American Expatriate Clients

“…Among the studies that addressed issues related to ethnic/cultural match (e.g., Akutsu, Lin, & Zane, 1990;Bennett & BigFoot-Sipes, 1991;Flaskerud & Liu, 1991;Fujino, Okazaki, & Young, 1994;Niemeyer & Gonzales, 1983), three (Kim & Atkinson, 2002;Ricker, Nystul, & Waldo, 1999;Sue, et al, 1991) have direct implication for this study. In a study designed to evaluate treatment outcomes for minority clients as a function of ethnic/linguistic match, Sue et al (1991) evaluated five years (1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988) of information supplied from the Automated Information System of the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health (U.S.).…”