Ash-pretreatment and hydrothermal liquefaction of filamentous algae grown on dairy wastewater

Audu, Meshack; Wang, Huilin; Arellano, David; Cheng, Feng; Dehghanizadeh, Mostafa; Jarvis, Jacqueline M.; Yan, Juchao; Brewer, Catherine E.; Jena, Umakanta

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102282

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Hence, the high residence time (30 min) and low temperature (360 °C) presently used can explain the low crude oil yield. Another important parameter known to affect the yield and quality of crude oil in HTL is the amount of ash. − On biogenic feedstocks, such as algae, high ash contents have been reported to decrease the yield and quality of the crude product. − Although no reference applied to the conversion of lignite under HTL conditions was found, a direct analogy with biomass feedstocks suggests that high ash in lignite might have a similar effect. Thus, a high concentration of ash found in lignite (25.94 wt %) could also be responsible for the low crude oil yield (12.3 wt %).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Fuels from Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Lignite and Catalytic Upgrading of Crude Oil

Batalha,

Checa,

Lorentz

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Lignite from Belchatów in Poland was converted to hydrocarbon fuels, particularly in the kerosene and diesel ranges, through sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and hydrotreatment (HDT) of the obtained crude oil. Different HDT temperatures were investigated (from 350 °C up to 390 °C). Despite the highly aromatic nature and high heteroatom content, the HTL lignite crude oil could undergo deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS = 99%) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO = 98%) in a single HDT treatment stage, yielding a liquid product rich in aliphatic and aromatic, particularly monoaromatic, hydrocarbons. The hydrotreatment and hydrogenating capacity of the lignite crude oil was linked to the low concentration of compounds resistant to hydrotreatment in lignite and, consequently, lignite’s crude oil, permitting the easy transformation of the crude oil into hydrocarbon fuel. Still, the significant concentration of aromatic compounds, particularly monoaromatic and diaromatic, in the liquid product (≈45% of fuel range products) suggests that further upgrading, blending, or harsher HDT conditions might be necessary to improve the fuel quality. In addition to the crude oil, the HTL of lignite yielded a stream of char, which displayed a higher calorific value and lower heteroatom content than the original lignite feedstock, thus having a high potential for electricity production, which is the common use of lignite. Thus, introducing an HTL stage to extract crude oil before lignite use in electricity production could provide an alternative fuel source used as a strategy to increase multiple countries’ energetic independence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Fuels from Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Lignite and Catalytic Upgrading of Crude Oil

Batalha,

Checa,

Lorentz

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Similarly, Fan et al showed that although model proteins produced higher biocrude yields than model carbohydrates, binary mixtures thereof produced higher yields and that this effect increased with increasing temperature (from 250 to 350 °C) . Numerous recent publications have commented on the impact of the Maillard reaction on the HTL of algae; however, there is little in the literature focusing on alternative feedstock types. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Various Wet-Waste Feedstock Types

Cronin

Schmidt

Billing

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) liquifies wet feedstocks to produce a biocrude under moderate temperatures (300−450 °C) and high pressures (>2500 psi). The biocrude can be upgraded to transportation fuels (predominantly diesel) using typical refinery unit operations (e.g., hydrotreater and distillation). HTL of wet-wastes is a promising route to produce environmentally friendly and cost-competitive fuels; however, the feedstock significantly impacts the product quality and the process yield. Consequently, it is important to rigorously compare different feedstocks to determine the critical material attributes, which impact the biocrude yield and quality. A few published comprehensive studies evaluate the performance of numerous different wet-waste HTL feed types, processed using the same reactor configuration and analytical approach. This is particularly true for continuous flow HTL. HTL studies generally investigate one or a few surrogate feedstocks or model compound materials or attempt comparative reviews by collecting the results of numerous different research groups. Such an approach involves numerous assumptions that can significantly compromise the legitimacy of the data compared and the conclusions drawn. This work investigates HTL of 13 different real-world wet-waste feedstocks, belonging to multiple different classes of municipal wet-waste, including food waste, biosolids, sludge, fermentation residues, manure, and blends thereof. The biocrude carbon yields obtained throughout the study ranged from 39.7 to 74.3%. The biocrude yield varied through a range of different process changes, such as increasing reactor flow rate and feed solid loading, and addition of Fe-based additives. By analyzing a broad range of materials, and through the comprehensive characterization profiles prepared for both the feedstock and products, this study has produced a significant volume of data, which was then analyzed using robust statistical methods.

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“…Após a aplicação do pré-tratamento foi observado um decréscimo nos teores de cinzas que passaram de 17,4 -41,3% para 8,2 -11,9%. Essa redução foi acompanhada de um aumento no conteúdo de carboidratos (exceto para DB3) e proteínas em até 2x o que é consistente com trabalhos anteriores (AUDU et al, 2021;CARPIO et al, 2019). 2015).…”

Section: Análises Estatísticasunclassified

Efeitos do cobre e zinco no tratamento da água residuária da suinocultura em lagoas de alta taxa e valorização energética da biomassa via carbonização hidrotérmica

Oliveira¹

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Nesse estudo foram avaliadas otimizações no processo integrado de cultivo de microalgas na água residuária da suinocultura (ARS) e conversão da biomassa em hidrochar. Para tanto, lagoas de alta taxa (LAT) em escala piloto foram alimentas com ARS com diferentes teores dos micronutrientes Cu e Zn considerando misturas desses elementos e também concentrações individuais. Para as misturas (0,1 - 3,0 mg Cu/L + 0,5 - 25,0 mg Zn/L), o maior número de células de microalgas foi estabelecido em 1,8 mg Cu/L + 15,0 mg Zn/L. Quando os teores individuais de Cu (0,1 - 4,0 mg Cu/L) ou Zn (0,5 – 70,0 mg Zn/L) foram variados, a condição mais propícia para o desenvolvimento algal foi obtido em 1,0 mg Cu/L e 40 mg Zn/L. Em todos os testes realizados ficou evidente que o Cu e o Zn comprometeram a remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal enquanto a redução de fósforo solúvel foi potencializada com a adequação desses micronutrientes. A remoção de Cu na ARS tratada em LAT variou de 46 a 91% com a precipitação sendo o processo predominante, já a remoção de Zn alcançou 78 a 99% no qual a adsorção pela biomassa foi um importante mecanismo. Ao analisar a constituição bioquímica das biomassas cultivadas em diferentes teores de Cu e Zn verificou-se que o conteúdo de lipídeos neutros (> 6%) é pouco atrativo para a obtenção de biodisel. Já os carboidratos atingiram 58,8% na biomassa seca livre de cinzas, com potencial para a conversão em hidrochar por meio da carbonização hidrotérmica (CHT). As cinzas também apresentaram concentrações expressivas (35 - 55%) sendo necessário identificar as interferências desse constituinte no processo de CHT. Para essa avaliação, quatro biomassas foram selecionadas e cada uma foi dividida em duas frações. Uma fração foi submetida ao pré-tratamento com solução ácida para redução de cinzas enquanto a outra permaneceu com o conteúdo de cinzas original. Ambas as frações foram utilizadas na CHT. Os resultados demostraram que o pré-tratamento favoreceu a recuperação de energia nos hidrochars a qual alcançou até 73,5%. Porém, as cinzas podem apresentar constituintes que atuam na hidrólise da biomassa ou como catalisadores. Assim, as cinzas possuem efeitos indesejáveis e favoráveis na CHT e os hidrochars produzidos com e sem a redução desse constituinte são indicados para aplicações energéticas e recuperação de áreas degradadas respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Bioremediação. Recuperação de nutrientes. Bioenergia.

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Ash-pretreatment and hydrothermal liquefaction of filamentous algae grown on dairy wastewater

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Hydrocarbon Fuels from Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Lignite and Catalytic Upgrading of Crude Oil

Hydrocarbon Fuels from Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Lignite and Catalytic Upgrading of Crude Oil

Comparative Study on the Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Various Wet-Waste Feedstock Types

Efeitos do cobre e zinco no tratamento da água residuária da suinocultura em lagoas de alta taxa e valorização energética da biomassa via carbonização hidrotérmica

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