Ash dieback epidemic in Europe: How can molecular technologies help?

Downie, J. Allan

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006381

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The lack of a requirement for germ‐tube formation offers an advantage, minimizing the exposure of non‐melanized hyphae to a potentially hostile exposed phyllosphere environment. Given the availability of H. fraxineus genome sequences (Downie, ; Stenlid et al ., ), the differential behaviour of the H. fraxineus ascospore should prove an interesting subject for research into fungal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the availability of H. fraxineus genome sequences (Downie, 2017;Stenlid et al, 2017), the differential behaviour of the H. fraxineus ascospore should prove an interesting subject for research into fungal development. It is clear that H. fraxineus has a significant period of biotrophic growth within ash cells before lesion appearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the wealth of molecular data now available (MacLean et al ., ; Harper et al ., ; Downie, ; Sollars et al ., ), there is only one detailed report on the progress of infection from ascospore inoculum (Cleary et al ., ). In their paper, Cleary et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the wealth of molecular data now available (MacLean et al, 2013;Harper et al, 2016;Downie, 2017;Sollars et al, 2017), there is only one detailed report on the progress of infection from ascospore inoculum (Cleary et al, 2013). In their paper, Cleary et al (2013) describe advanced stages of infection developing from ascospores discharged from apothecia placed at the base of young seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of ascospores of the dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus for infection assays reveals a significant period of biotrophic interaction in penetrated ash cells

2018

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Ascospores, discharged naturally from apothecia growing on rachis debris, were used as inoculum to examine the invasion of ash tissues by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in order to understand the critical, but poorly understood, early interactions between host and pathogen. Methods were developed to collect ascospores for controlled infection assays on detached leaves, petioles and stem internode tissues. Light microscopy, using plasmolytic techniques, allowed the invasion of living plant cells to be observed. Ascospores were readily available from late May to September. On the plant surface, most spores differentiated directly to form appressoria without germ‐tube growth. Direct penetration was followed by a significant period of biotrophic fungal growth before lesions developed. Following the formation of a vesicle‐like structure after penetration, bulbous and elongated intracellular hyphae were produced in living plant cells. The use of ascospore inoculum, rather than mycelia, will allow natural and rapid screening of ash genotypes for resistance to the devastating dieback disease. The identification of the biotrophic phase of infection suggests that host range is controlled by effector‐triggered immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The use of ascospores of the dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus for infection assays reveals a significant period of biotrophic interaction in penetrated ash cells

2018

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“…Drees et al use genetic markers to provide information on the origin and spread of P. destructans . However, research efforts into other EFPs, such as the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , have identified markers indicative of disease tolerance in the host ( 20 ); future efforts at investigating WNS could focus on host-pathogen interactions to look for local patterns of diversification which may be indicative of rapid nature selection and local adaptation. To this end, Drees et al reported two samples collected in Indiana that have formed a geographically isolated lineage, suggesting local host adaption to Myotis sodalis (the Indiana bat).…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaching Pathogeographic Barriers by the Bat White-Nose Fungus

Rhodes

Fisher

2018

mBio

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Bat white-nose syndrome has become associated with unparalleled mortality in bat species across the United States since 2006. In a recent article, Drees and colleagues (mBio 8:e01941-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01941-17) utilized both whole-genome sequencing and microsatellite data to explore the origin and spread of the causative agent of bat white-nose syndrome, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. The research by Drees et al. supports the hypothesis that P. destructans was introduced into North America from Europe, with molecular dating suggesting a divergence from European isolates approximately 100 years ago. The approaches described in this study are an important contribution toward pinpointing the origins of this infection and underscore the need for more rigorous international biosecurity in order to stem the tide of emerging fungal pathogens.

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