Asexual Reproduction in Holothurians

Dolmatov, Igor Yu.

doi:10.1155/2014/527234

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, asexual reproduction has been reported for holothurids (Dolmatov, 2014). Lawrence and Herrera (2000) mention that fission in holothurids seems to be related with habitat and it is induced environmentally and that is why some species draw on fission as an adaptation to sustain populations where recruitment is unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus) and its relationship with oceanographic variables at its northernmost distribution site

Pañola-Madrigal¹,

Calderón-Aguilera²,

Aguilar-Cruz

et al. 2017

RBT

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The brown sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus is highly prized and intensively fished, yet no studies of its reproductive cycle at its northernmost distribution site exist. To characterize its reproductive cycle, monthly surveys (Oct 2014-Dec 2016) that included gonad collection were conducted in 118 sites along the eastern coast of Baja California, including islands from Bahía San Luis Gonzaga (29o 49’ 14.18” N, 114 o 3’56.17” W) to the 28th parallel north. A total of 2 808 sea cucumber specimens were measured (mean length ± SD = 21.4 ± 6 cm) and weighed (375.6 ± 249 g). Seven hundred and seventeen organisms were dissected but only 553 gonads were suitable for processing through histological analysis to identify sex and developmental stage. Of these individuals, 224 were female, 162 were male, 157 were undifferentiated and 10 were hermaphrodites, resulting in a sex ratio that was significantly different from 1:1 (χ2 = 36.63, P = 0.03, df = 23). There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) of either size or weight between males and females, but females were larger than males. The length-weight relationship observed was W = 0.18L2.4, r2 = 0.82, p <0.05 while the size-at-first-maturity was 16 cm. Five gonad stages were identified: 28% undifferentiated, 9% gametogenesis, 15% mature, 19% expulsion and 29% post-expulsion. The Oocyte Theoretical Diameter (OTD) was estimated by measuring the area of 10 291 oocytes, finding 2 307 individuals in oogenesis (mean ± SD of 65.3 ± 19.7 µm), 3 630 in maturity (66.0 ± 17.8 µm), 3 756 in spawning (73.8 ± 14.6 µm) and 868 in post-spawning (49.18 ± 20.7 µm). Modal progression analysis shows that oocytes increase 23% in size from oogenesis to maturity, and decrease 9%in size from maturity to spawning and, on average, oocytes are 72% smaller post-spawning that during spawning. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S180-S196. Epub 2017 November 01.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus) and its relationship with oceanographic variables at its northernmost distribution site

Pañola-Madrigal¹,

Calderón-Aguilera²,

Aguilar-Cruz

et al. 2017

RBT

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“…While echinoderms present various patterns of asexual reproduction, it only occurs by fission in holothurians (Dolmatov, ). One species only, Parastichopus californicus , has been found to reproduce asexually during the larval stage, with fission occurring at the doliolaria stage (Eaves & Palmer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, only sexual holothurian species have been studied for aquaculture production, but their breeding remains difficult as they are broadcast spawners, leading to restricted successful fertilization and low larval survival rates (Eriksson, Robinson, Slater, & Troell, ). Besides, 16 holothurian species, which are exploited and could be bred in aquaculture, are able of asexual reproduction by transverse fission (reviewed in Dolmatov, ). Fission results into two new sections, and each regenerates the respective missing organs and tissues to form a complete animal, thus leading to clonal propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal structure through space and time: High stability in the holothurianStichopus chloronotus(Echinodermata)

Pirog

Gélin

Bédier

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Sea cucumbers are increasingly exploited for human consumption and for their curative properties, and many wild populations are now depleted or in danger of extinction. While aquaculture is seen as an alternative to fisheries and as a mean to restore wild populations, more knowledge is needed on their reproductive strategies to render this practice efficient, notably for fissiparous holothurians, which are some of the mobile animals able of asexual reproduction by transverse fission. Little information is available on their population genetic diversity and structure. Here, the clonal structure of populations of the fissiparous sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus has been investigated using nine microsatellite loci and a random sampling, at different spatial (intra‐reef and inter‐reef) and temporal (inter‐season and inter‐year) scales. Our findings highlight the importance of asexual reproduction in maintaining these populations, and the prevalence of the “initial seedling recruitment” strategy (ISR), leading to a high stability of clonal composition over seasons and years. It also seemed that clonal propagation was limited to the reef scale (<10 km) while reefs were connected by sexual dispersal. This is the first time that clonal structure in sea cucumbers has been studied at such a fine scale, with a specific sampling strategy. It provides key findings on the genetic diversity and structure of fissiparous sea cucumbers, which will be useful for the management of wild populations and aquaculture.

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“…They are known for autotomy that includes the loss of body parts by evisceration or asexual reproduction (fission) (Garcia-Araras et al, 1998). As well, they are capable to restore the lost organs after autotomy (Dolmatov, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moussa¹,

Nasef²,

Abdel-Latif³

2019

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The current study describes a new method for asexual reproduction induction by fission. It results in higher rates of growth, survival and gut regeneration as compared to the conventional technique. Prior to asexual reproduction induction, samples were exposed to chemical evisceration induction through injection of 0.5 ml of 0.45M KCI into perivisceral coelomic cavity. Fission was induced in eviscerated group and normal (non-eviscerated) group through tightening the rubber bands around animal's body at the middle. We compared the modes of fission and the rates of growth, survival and gut regeneration over five months between two groups. We propose a new asexual reproduction induction method in which sea cucumber chemically induced to eviscerate prior to fission induction.

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Asexual Reproduction in Holothurians

Cited by 39 publications

References 74 publications

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus) and its relationship with oceanographic variables at its northernmost distribution site

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus) and its relationship with oceanographic variables at its northernmost distribution site

Clonal structure through space and time: High stability in the holothurianStichopus chloronotus(Echinodermata)

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