Asexual reproduction for overwintering of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria spinulosa at different light intensities

How Eutrophication Promotes Exotic Aquatic Plant Invasion in the Lake Littoral Zone?

“…Furthermore, as a dominant species in lakes in China, V. spinulosa features a low light saturation point, high tolerance to stressful conditions, and rosette characteristics, and it thus plays an essential role in purifying the water and preventing substrate suspension here. 17,20 Eutrophication reduced the biomass of V. spinulosa and thus its water purifying effect, which may further increase nutrient levels in water bodies and reduce the resistance of the littoral zone to plant invasion. Meanwhile, eutrophication caused an increase in plant SOD activity and a reduction of plant phenolics and starch contents in both native species, which reduced the ability of native species to resist invasion.…”

“…Aquatic plant invasions pose a widespread and ever-increasing threat to lake ecosystems, e.g., by causing decline in biodiversity, habitat homogenization, and degradation of ecological functions. ,− In some cases, invasiveness of exotic species is dependent on the strength and type of stressor (e.g., nutrient enrichment and habitat destruction) as well as species composition and plant density in the invaded habitat. − Eutrophication leads to reduced submerged plant diversity and habitat damage, and in this way, it may produce ecological niche vacancies that are open for aquatic plant invasion. In general, lake eutrophication leads to an increase in nitrogen concentration and a decrease in light availability in the water column, subsequently causing nitrogen accumulation and carbon shortage in plants. − Under low light conditions, submerged plants usually elongate to reach the water surface in order to obtain more sunlight, while their biomass and ramet number usually show a decrease. , Changes in plant traits may affect plant invasiveness or their resistance to invasion. Although studies on eutrophication promoting aquatic plant invasiveness have been widely reported, ,− comprehensive consideration of the effects of eutrophication on plant invasiveness in the littoral zone based on numerous morphological and physiological traits is rare.…”

“…Most research on the effects of eutrophication on aquatic plants has focused on individual root, stem, and leaf tissues, and there are comparatively few studies of plant performance responses to eutrophication from a whole-plant perspective. ,, However, plant traits form a trait network with feedback regulation, and the connectivity among traits characterizes the trade-offs and resource redistribution of plant traits in response to the environment. − Plant trait networks (PTNs) can be used to elucidate the complex relationships among traits and to calculate topological parameters of the network. , If plant traits are considered as nodes and trait–trait relationships as edges, multiple traits can be integrated by the relationships used to form a PTN. Trait–trait relationships can be quantified by correlation analyses, , and the overall plant resistance to changing environments can be evaluated by calculating the topological parameters of the network, e.g., average degree and modularity.…”

“…Most research on the effects of eutrophication on aquatic plants has focused on individual root, stem, and leaf tissues, and there are comparatively few studies of plant performance responses to eutrophication from a whole-plant perspective. 17,24,25 However, plant traits form a trait network with feedback regulation, and the connectivity among traits characterizes the trade-offs and resource redistribution of plant traits in response to the environment. 26−29 Plant trait networks (PTNs) can be used to elucidate the complex relationships among traits and to calculate topological parameters of the network.…”

The distribution of submerged macrophytes in response to intense solar radiation and salinity reveals hydrogen peroxide as an abiotic stress indicator

“…Among these external factors, underwater light intensity is very important. It affects macrophyte growth and biomass production 6 , reproduction 7 , distribution 3 , and phenotypic variation 8 . Underwater light intensity at a water stratum is governed by depth 9 , canopy openness 3 , or water turbidity 10 .…”