Asexual reproduction by oceanic planktotrophic echinoderm larvae

Bosch, Isidro; Rivkin, Richard B.; Alexander, Stephen

doi:10.1038/337169a0

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Emson & Wilkie 1980, Bosch et al 1989, McClary & Mladenov 1989 there was no evidence to suggest asexual reproduction for either species as genotype frequencies within samples from each local population were in close agreement with expectations for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the majority of individuals had unique 5-locus genotypes. The weighted average Fls value of 0.065 for Patiriella calcarand 0.098 for P exigua indicates an overall slight deficit of heterozygotes as compared with expections for Hardy-Weinberg equilibria.…”

Section: Reproduction and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Paine 1966, Benzie & Stoddart 1992. This has provoked enormous interest in the great diversity of echinoderm life histories, and these have been shown to include species which are brooders (Chia 1966, Keough & Dartnall 1978, species which undergo asexual replication of sexually produced planktonic larvae (Bosch et al 1989) & Stoddart 1992) and have often overturned predicThis study examined the genotypic composition of tions based solely upon histological or ecological data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of contrasting patterns of larval dispersal on the genetic connectedness of local populations of two mtertidai starfish, Patiriella calcar and P. exigua

Hunt¹

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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The closely related intertidal starfish Patirjella calcar and P exigua have markedly different dispersal capabilities. P calcar is considered to have sexually produced planktonic larvae and hence the potential for wide dispersal. If this is the case local populations should be strongly interconnected and there should be little or no accumulation of genetic variation. Conversely, P exigua has no known means of dispersal between local populations since development proceeds directly from egg masses laid on the rocky shore. Therefore, local populations of P exigua may be less genotypically diverse than P calcar, but should display marked genetic heterogeneity among local populations resulting from the accumulating effects of genetic drift and localised natural selection. To test these predictions genetic data were used to assess the genotypic structure and apparent connectedness of local populations of both species along 230 km of the southeast coast of Australia. Electrophoretic variation was surveyed for 5 loci. Single-locus genotype frequencies within all local populations of both species closely matched expectations for Hardy-Weinberg equilibria. This implies that local populations are maintained by recruitment of outcrossed sexually produced offspring, but as predicted, P exigua had fewer alleles at each locus and fewer heterozygous individuals than P: calcar. Furthermore, it appears that these 2 species have vastly different levels of gene flow among local populations. The 6 local population~ of P calcar were genetically homogeneous [FST = 0 f 0.001 (SE)] and these populations were thus inferred to be strongly connected by larval dispersal. In sharp contrast, the 11 local populations of the directly developing P exigua were highly genetically heterogeneous which is reflected In consistently high levels of genetic variance (FsT= 0.462 2 0.048).

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Section: Reproduction and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of contrasting patterns of larval dispersal on the genetic connectedness of local populations of two mtertidai starfish, Patiriella calcar and P. exigua

Hunt¹

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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“…Goss, 1969;Emson and Wilkie, 1980;Mashanov and García-Arrarás, 2011). Echinoderm larvae can even produce a functional larval clone derived by budding from the original larval body (Bosch et al, 1989;Eaves and Palmer, 2003). Embryos from this phylum are well known for marked regulative development; many cells maintain 'multipotency' and change fates in response to changes in neighbouring cells (Horstadius, 1950(Horstadius, ,1973Ransick and Davidson, 1993;Dubois and Ameye, 2001), including the germ line (Goss, 1969;Emson and Wilkie, 1980;Eaves and Palmer, 2003;Vaughn and Strathmann, 2008;Ransick and Davidson, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential elements for translation: the germline factor Vasa functions broadly in somatic cells

Yajima

Wessel

2015

Development

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Vasa is a conserved RNA-helicase found in the germ lines of all metazoans tested. Whereas Vasa presence is often indicated as a metric for germline determination in animals, it is also expressed in stem cells of diverse origin. Recent research suggests, however, that Vasa has a much broader function, including a significant role in cell cycle regulation. Results herein indicate that Vasa is utilized widely, and often induced transiently, during development in diverse somatic cells and adult precursor tissues. We identified that Vasa in the sea urchin is essential for: (1) general mRNA translation during embryogenesis, (2) developmental re-programming upon manipulations to the embryo and (3) larval wound healing. We also learned that Vasa interacted with mRNAs in the perinuclear area and at the spindle in an Importin-dependent manner during cell cycle progression. These results suggest that, when present, Vasa functions are essential to contributing to developmental regulation.

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“…Their long evolutionary history has been very useful in establishing paleoenvironments (e.g., Smith 1984) and their reproduction cycle is of great interest (e.g. Bosch et al 1989). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative method to establish the clinical evolution of HIV infected patients and the reproductive biology of an echinoid species from Brazil

Kellner¹

2009

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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AIDS is one of the several diseases that affect the human being. Vast amount of resources are being spent by governments to develop new drugs and therapies for the treatment of infected individuals with distinct results (e.g., Scherer et al. 2007). However, although several antiviral drugs have proved to successfully reduce the advance of the virus in the organism, they have also caused a series of undesired side effects. The most common of them are diarrhea and nausea that in several cases can severely reduce the quality of the patient's life.In order to understand the clinical evolution of HIV infected individuals, some mathematical models have been applied. In the present issue of the Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (AABC), Juliana Grégio of the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) and colleagues present a method that can be used to reduce the side effects while enhancing effectiveness of the drugs applied to HIV infected patients. The basis of this method is the optimal control theory, which is essentially a mathematical optimization method (e.g., Lewis 1986). As the authors point out, this quantitative method has been applied in a variety of fields such as economics, sociology and biology. In the present contribution, Grégio et al. (2009) discuss the problematic involving LQR (Linear Quadratic Regular) to establish the drug doses for extensive periods of treatment and advocate the use of Extended Kalman Filter for predicting the dosage of drugs in HIV infected patients in order to minimize the side effects. The authors carried out extensive simulations that have shown the possibility of decreasing drug doses and still maintaining the viral counts at a satisfactory level. As they pointed out, this quantitative method can help doctors to develop a better treatment strategy for their patients.Among the several other important papers published in the present volume of the AABC, one study provides relevant information regarding the reproduction strategy of a sea urchin (Echinoidea) from the northeastern part of Brazil. Sea urchins are important components of marine invertebrate faunas worldwide and an important food resource in some areas. Their long evolutionary history has been very useful in establishing paleoenvironments (e.g., Smith 1984) and their reproduction cycle is of great interest (e.g. Bosch et al. 1989).In some localities species of sea urchin have been regarded as responsible for the destruction of coral reefs. This impact is directly related with the amount of population present in a locality. Therefore, to evaluate the ecological interaction between rock-boring sea urchins and the reef, it is paramount to understand their life-history.

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Asexual reproduction by oceanic planktotrophic echinoderm larvae

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of contrasting patterns of larval dispersal on the genetic connectedness of local populations of two mtertidai starfish, Patiriella calcar and P. exigua

Effects of contrasting patterns of larval dispersal on the genetic connectedness of local populations of two mtertidai starfish, Patiriella calcar and P. exigua

Essential elements for translation: the germline factor Vasa functions broadly in somatic cells

A quantitative method to establish the clinical evolution of HIV infected patients and the reproductive biology of an echinoid species from Brazil

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