Aseptic meningitis and leptomeningeal enhancement associated with anti-MOG antibodies: A review

Gombolay, Grace; Gadde, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577653

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Less common symptoms include cortical encephalitis or seizures [ 1 , 5 ]. Initial symptom onset of MOGAD with aseptic meningitis without leptomeningeal enhancement, like in our case, seems to be a rare [ 2 , 6 ]. Leptomeningeal enhancement in MRI is also only described in 6% of MOG patients [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) presenting with extensive brain stem encephalitis: A case report

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) presenting with extensive brain stem encephalitis: A case report

et al. 2022

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“…Finally, although anti-MOG IgG was only modestly elevated, its persistence further supports MOGAD as the etiology. 4 Nevertheless, transient MOG-Ab in MOGAD is well described, particularly in the pediatric population.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

MOG Antibody–Associated Disease and Thymic Hyperplasia

Hurtubise

Frohman

Galetta

et al. 2023

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently described CNS inflammatory disorder that may manifest with optic neuritis, myelitis, seizures, and/or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. While MOG-specific antibodies in patients with MOGAD are IgG1, a T-cell–dependent antibody isotype, immunologic mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood. Thymic hyperplasia can be associated with certain autoimmune diseases. In this report we describe a case of MOGAD associated with thymic hyperplasia in a young adult.

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“…headache, fever) in the absence of symptoms of encephalitis (e.g. seizures, cortical symptoms, other features of encephalopathy) have been described, indicating a broader spectrum of meningo-cortical manifestations that includes predominantly meningeal disease (discussed later) ( 33 , 34 ). Similar neuroimaging features can be seen in other disease processes involving the cortex (e.g.…”

Section: Unilateral Cortical Flames/uccementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of patients with both unilateral and bilateral cortical manifestations of MOGAD have been reported to have overlying leptomeningeal enhancement, indicating possible meningeal inflammation and the potential for broader disease involvement beyond the cortex ( 12 , 23 , 33 ). Intriguingly, at the time of our initial literature review of unilateral cortical FLAMES in 2019, we identified one patient who been reported to have unilateral sulcal T2-FLAIR hyperintensity and leptomeningeal enhancement, without significant cortical T2-FLAIR hyperintensity ( 12 , 60 ).…”

Section: Other Meningo-cortical Manifestations Of Mogadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningo-cortical manifestations of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: Review of a novel clinico-radiographic spectrum

2022

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that is distinct from multiple sclerosis. Initial manifestations of MOGAD that were reported in the literature included optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem demyelination and encephalitis, with emphasis placed on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as the primary encephalitic presentation. In 2017, however, Ogawa et al. described four patients with seizures, unilateral cortical hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, and anti-MOG positivity, indicating a potentially novel form of encephalitis in MOGAD. In 2019, we systematically reviewed the literature to better characterize this unique syndrome, which we referred to as unilateral cortical FLAIR-hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG-associated Encephalitis with Seizures (FLAMES). Subsequently, anti-MOG positivity in patients with a variety of cortical and meningeal disease presentations has been reported, indicating a broader spectrum of meningo-cortical manifestations in MOGAD that we review herein.

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Aseptic meningitis and leptomeningeal enhancement associated with anti-MOG antibodies: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) presenting with extensive brain stem encephalitis: A case report

MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) presenting with extensive brain stem encephalitis: A case report

MOG Antibody–Associated Disease and Thymic Hyperplasia

Meningo-cortical manifestations of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: Review of a novel clinico-radiographic spectrum

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