Ascorbic-acid-assisted recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries

Li, Li; Lü, Jun; Ren, Yang; Zhang, Xiao; Chen, Ren Jie; Wu, Feng; Amine, Khalil

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.068

Cited by 410 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the case of leaching with ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 ), as displayed in Figure 6, previous research by Li et al [27] has shown that the LiCoO 2 within battery waste is dissolved by ascorbic acid and forms the soluble compound C 6 H 6 O 6 Li 2 . Concurrently, the cobalt is reduced from Co 3+ to the soluble Co 2+ species, C 6 H 6 O 6 Co, as the ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (C 6 H 6 O 6 ) [28,29].…”

Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of natural resources and potential pollution from the spent batteries. In this work, different types of acids (2 M citric (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), 1 M oxalic (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), 2 M sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ), 4 M hydrochloric (HCl), and 1 M nitric (HNO 3 ) acid)) and reducing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 )) were selected for investigating the recovery of valuable metals from waste LIBs. The crushed and sieved material contained on average 23% (w/w) cobalt, 3% (w/w) lithium, and 1-5% (w/w) nickel, copper, manganese, aluminum, and iron. Results indicated that mineral acids (4 M HCl and 2 M H 2 SO 4 with 1% (v/v) H 2 O 2 ) produced generally higher yields compared with organic acids, with a nearly complete dissolution of lithium, cobalt, and nickel at 25 • C with a slurry density of 5% (w/v). Further leaching experiments carried out with H 2 SO 4 media and different reducing agents with a slurry density of 10% (w/v) show that nearly all of the cobalt and lithium can be leached out in sulfuric acid (2 M) when using C 6 H 8 O 6 as a reducing agent (10% g/g scraps ) at 80 • C.

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Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Compared with nickelecadmium (NieCd), nickelemetal hydride (NieMH), lead-acid, or other secondary batteries, LIBs have found wide application as electrochemical power sources in mobile communications and portable electronic devices due to their high power and energy density, long storage life, low self-discharge rate, high cell voltage, and wide operating temperature range [1]. As a consequence, the world's production of LIBs reached 2.05 billion in 2005 and 4.6 billion in 2010 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15] Of hydrometallurgical techniques for recovering metals, acid leaching is the most cost-effective, simple, and environmental friendly. Several studies have reported on the leaching of LiCoO 2 cathodic material from spent LIBs using inorganic acids, such as sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) [16e19], nitric (HNO 3 ) [21,22], and hydrochloric (HCl) [20] acids, and natural organic acids, such as citric (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) [23], DL-malic (C 4 H 5 O 6 ) [15],L-aspartic [12], ascorbic [1], and oxalic acids [5], as shown in Table 1. Table 1 summerized the leaching systems ever applied to recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succinic acid-based leaching system: A sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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362

144

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“…1,2 The annual global consumption of LIBs increased as high as 14.5% from 2006 to 2011, and the global consumption of LIBs reached 4.49 × 10 9 units in 2011. 3 Consequently, more consumption of LIBs implies more spent LIBs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Lithium from Wastewater Using Development of Li Ion-Imprinted Polymers

Luo

Guo

Luo

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

137

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Recycling lithium from waste lithium batteries is a growing problem, and new technologies are needed to recover the lithium. Currently, there is a lack of highly selective adsorption/ion exchange materials that can be used to recover lithium. We have developed a magnetic lithium ion-imprinted polymer (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP) by using novel crown ether. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP has been synthesized by a surface imprinting technique using our newly synthesized 2-(allyloxy) methyl-12-crown-4 as a functional monomer. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP was analyzed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimum pH for adsorption is 6. Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP shows fast adsorption kinetics for lithium ions (10 min to reach complete equilibrium), and the adsorption process obeys an external mass transfer model. Homogeneous binding sites are proved by the Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 0.586 mmol/g. Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP has excellent selectivity for Li(I) because the selectivity separation factors of Li(I) with respect to Na(I), K(I), Cu(II), and Zn(II) are 50.88, 42.38, 22.5, and 22.2, respectively. The adsorption capacity of sorbent remained above 92% after five cycles. Fixed-bed column adsorption experiments indicate that the effective treatment volume was 140 bed volumes (BV) in the first run with a breakthrough of 10% of the inlet concentration for an inlet concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, and 110 BV was treated for the second run under identical conditions. We demonstrated that 89.8% of the lithium was recovered during bed regeneration using 0.5 mol/L HCl solution. Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IIP also exhibited excellent removal efficiency for Li(I) in real wastewater, validating its great potential in advanced wastewater treatment. Accordingly, we have developed a new method for wastewater treatment that meets Li emission standards, and recovery of Li creates economic interest.

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Ascorbic-acid-assisted recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries

Cited by 410 publications

References 25 publications

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Succinic acid-based leaching system: A sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries

Recovery of Lithium from Wastewater Using Development of Li Ion-Imprinted Polymers

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