Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Microwave Synthesis of Mesoporous Ag-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanorods from Biowaste Seashells for Implant Applications

Abstract

Post-surgery implant infection is one of the most challenging issues in orthopedics and it is mainly caused by infective micro-organisms. A potential approach to overcome this issue is developing biomaterials with efficient antibacterial activity. The main intention of this present research is devoted to ascorbic acid-assisted microwave synthesis of mesoporous (silver) Ag-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods using biowaste seashells with antibacterial properties. XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are hexagonal crystalline HAp. Further, the silver-doped HAp was also successfully produced without affecting the HAp crystalline phase by forming electrostatic interaction with PO 4 3− ions during the synthesis. The morphological features confirm that the pure HAp is elongated mesoporous nanorods with 20 nm width and 300−500 nm length. However, silver doped HAp nanoparticles such as AgHA-1, AgHA-2, and AgHA-3 are found to be similar mesoporous rods but with different aspect ratios in sizes

Nano-Hydroxyapatite vs. Xenografts: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior

“…A homogeneous nanosize powder can be acquired by using the precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis methods [ 24 , 27 ], but taking care that the treatment time and temperature do not exceed the conditions for crystal growth velocity [ 20 ]. The rod-like morphology of the synthesized hydroxyapatite particles have been reported [ 52 , 53 , 54 ], even using the solvothermal-MW method, with different organic phosphate precursors [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], and the suspension pH seems to be the decisive parameter [ 57 ]. Therefore, the pH was carefully kept, during precipitate development, at a high basicity level over 11 by choosing a suitable regent.…”

“…Nowadays, one of the most promising approaches is hydroxyapatite synthesis from hen egg-shell sources due to the mimetic composition and structure of the carbonated apatite obtained compared with human bone [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Such carbonated apatite is prepared using several routes, including dry methods (solid state [ 39 ] and mechanochemical synthesis [ 40 ]), wet methods (precipitation [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], hydrolysis, sol–gel [ 44 ], emulsion [ 45 ], sonochemical [ 46 ], hydrothermal [ 47 , 48 ], and solvothermal [ 49 , 50 ]), or high-temperature methods (pyrolysis, combustion, and microwave heating [ 50 ]). Each of the abovementioned methods induces different morphologies of micro- and nano-size HA particles: rods [ 51 , 52 ], sheets [ 53 ], spheres [ 54 ], wires [ 55 ], fibers [ 56 ], flower, worm, hexagonal prism, platelet, lath, strip, dandelion, chrysanthemum, rosette, or spheres [ 20 ].…”

The preparation of calcium phosphate adsorbent from natural calcium resource and its application for copper ion removal

“…Adaptation of such agricultural wastes as fish bones (Ratna Sunil and Jagannatham 2016 ), poultry bones, e.g. turkey (Esmaeilkhanian et al 2019 ) and mammalian bones such as bovine or porcine (Londoño-Restrepo et al 2019 ), corals (Rocha et al 2005 ), sea shells (Karunakaran et al 2019 ), plants (Wan et al 2006 ) or eggshells (Samina and Ashan 2008 ; Goloshchapov et al 2013 ; Sajahan et al 2014 ; Bag et al 2016 ; Adeogun et al 2018 ; Azis et al 2018 ; Tangboriboon et al 2019 ) can result in a double benefit: organic waste utilization and production of attractive material with a wide list of possible applications. However, a majority of these methods require heat treatment for the decomposition of naturally occurring calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and water.…”

Novel Leea grandifolia leaves mediated synthesis of ZnO nanorods for photocatalytic and anticancer applications

“…The toxicity assessment of zebrafish in vitro reveals less toxic nature, and the obtained results are concluded by published literature data. [ 46 ]…”