Ascorbate oxidase: The unexpected involvement of a ‘wasteful enzyme’ in the symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Balestrini, Raffaella; Ott, Thomas; Güther, Mike; Bonfante, Paola; Udvardi, Michael K.; Tullio, Mario C. De

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.006

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In B and D to H, ANOVA was conducted, and the significance is denoted as follows: G, genotype; T, treatment; GxT, genotype and treatment interaction; n.s., not significant; *, P , 0.05; **, P , 0.01; and ***, P , 0.001. apoplastic localization of OsORAP1, which is in accordance with bioinformatic analysis (i.e. the existence of signal peptide) and the expected localization of AO family proteins (Liso et al, 2004;Balestrini et al, 2012). …”

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confidence: 84%

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A Novel Gene, OZONE-RESPONSIVE APOPLASTIC PROTEIN1, Enhances Cell Death in Ozone Stress in Rice

2015

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confidence: 84%

“…In plants, AO family proteins are localized in the apoplast, the vacuole, the tonoplast, and the Golgi apparatus (Liso et al, 2004;Balestrini et al, 2012). AO is supposedly involved in AsA metabolism in the apoplast, thereby controlling its redox status .…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Gene, OZONE-RESPONSIVE APOPLASTIC PROTEIN1, Enhances Cell Death in Ozone Stress in Rice

2015

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“…Gene expression analysis showed AO gene is induced by light (De Tullio et al, 2007;Pignocchi, 2003). Overexpression of AO gene in the apoplast of transgenic tabacco changed the redox state of AA and increased sensitivity to ozone and salt stress (Balestrini et al, 2012). In current research, expression of FaAO in leaves was also detected under 4 low temperature.…”

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confidence: 53%

Cloning and Expression Analysis of an Ascorbate Oxidase (AO) Gene from Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa cv. Toyonaka)

Lin¹,

Gu²,

Tang³

et al. 2013

JAS

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In this study, a total 1737 bp ascorbate oxidase (AO) gene encoding a 578 amino acid protein was cloned from strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa cv. Toyonaka). Real-time quantitative expression analysis was conducted on FaAO gene of strawberry fruits during 7 developmental stages and in 5 strawberry tissues. The results revealed that during 7 fruit developmental stages, FaAO expressing level gradually increased in yonger stages, and declined dramatically in maturing stages, in which it could barely be detected. According to experimental results, we can conclude that FaAO expresses at a higher level in younger fruits, and lower in latter stages. This could be related to the fact that younger fruits are growing actively, and FaAO has a significant effect on facilitating fruit growth. Results for expression in 5 tissues indicated the highest expression was detected in flowers, and the lowest in fruit tissue (at full red stage). One of the possible reasons is that intense respiration and high ethylene synthesis occur in the mature fruits, repressing the expression of FaAO gene in strawberry fruits. Also, it could be a reason why the ascorbic acid (AA) content in mature fruits is higher than that in other tissues and stages. The differences of expression results among 7 developmental stages and 5 tissues indicated a novel expression pattern of FaAO. We propose that FaAO is correlated with strawberry growth and development, the depression of the FaAO expression can lead to apparent accumulation of AA in strawberry plant.

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“…It is known that oxygen dramatically inhibits nitrogen fixation by rhizobia. We recently reported 9 that LjAO1 is induced during nodulation in Lotus japonicus and is expressed in the peripheral area of the nodule in a possible targeted mechanism controlling oxygen content. Most interestingly, the same gene is also induced during the colonization by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, suggesting an unexpected more general role in the establishment/functioning of mutualistic plant-microbe interactions.…”

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“…Arbusculated cells originate from fully differentiated root cortical cells, which have to undergo a complete reprogramming during the colonization by the fungus, going back to a more undifferentiated state. The overexpression of AOs in these tissues 9 could be part of the signaling mechanism related to the change in the developmental program occurring in cortical cells. availability of two of those substrates, namely AsA and O 2 .…”

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Ascorbate oxidase is the potential conductor of a symphony of signaling pathways

Tullio

Guether

Balestrini

2013

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The functional role of ascorbate oxidase (AO; EC 1.10.3.3) has never been fully explained so far, due to the difficulties in understanding the presence of an enzyme specifically oxidizing ascorbate with no obvious advantage, and the apparent disadvantage of lowering plant stress resistance as a consequence of ascorbate consumption. Here we suggest a complete change of perspective, by proposing an essential role of AO as a modulator of both ascorbate and oxygen content, with relevant implications related to signaling. By affecting the overall redox state, AO is actually involved in redox regulation in the extracellular matrix. In addition, AO can contribute to creating a hypoxic microenvironment, especially relevant in the maintenance of meristem identity and the establishment of mutualistic plant-microbe interactions. We also hypothesize the possible involvement of AO in the activation of a signaling cascade analogous to the mechanism of prolyl hydroxylases/Hypoxia Inducible Factors in animal

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Ascorbate oxidase: The unexpected involvement of a ‘wasteful enzyme’ in the symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

A Novel Gene, OZONE-RESPONSIVE APOPLASTIC PROTEIN1, Enhances Cell Death in Ozone Stress in Rice

A Novel Gene, OZONE-RESPONSIVE APOPLASTIC PROTEIN1, Enhances Cell Death in Ozone Stress in Rice

Cloning and Expression Analysis of an Ascorbate Oxidase (AO) Gene from Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa cv. Toyonaka)

Ascorbate oxidase is the potential conductor of a symphony of signaling pathways

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