Ascorbate is a multifunctional micronutrient whose synthesis is lacking in primates

Fujii, Junichi

doi:10.3164/jcbn.20-181

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Vitamin C also directly stimulates the transcription factors involved in collagen production and stabilises the procollagen mRNA that controls the synthesis of Type I and Type III collagen. In addition, vitamin C enhances collagen gene expression and tissue MMP-1 inhibitor production, which lowers collagen breakdown [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Efficacy of Carboxytherapy, Plasma Gel Injection and Mesotherapy in Treatment of Periorbital Dark Circles

Shalash

Fawzy²,

Elfar³

et al. 2023

JAMMR

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Background: Periorbital dark circles (PODC) is also recognized as periorbital melanosis, dark eye circles, and infraorbital darkness. It`s a public cosmetic skin disorder with relative darkness of the periorbital areas. This condition affects both sexes, it gets worse by aging which makes people look tired and older, so it has a negative effect on the quality of life, particularly in Women. Methods: This comparative, simple randomized, controlled study was carried out on 30 patients with presented with periorbital dark circles did not receive any treatment 3 months before joining the study. The patients were equally allocated into three groups Group A: treated with bilateral injection of PRP gel, Group B: treated with bilateral intradermal injection of CO2 with carboxytherapy machine and Group C: treated with intradermal injection of vitamin C. All patients received 4 sessions with 2 weeks a part. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, general and dermatological examination and clinical assessment was done for all patients to determine the type of dark circles. Results: The improvement of PODC in Plasma gel injection and carboxytherapy mesotherapy were excellent in (50%) and (40%) in vitamin C group. There was gradual improvement of PODC with time, but recurrence rate of the studied groups after 6 months was 40%, 30%, 60% in group A, B and C respectively, showing higher recurrence rate in group C patients treated with vitamin C mesotherapy. Conclusions: Gel injection, carboxytherapy and vitamin C mesotherapy were effective and safe therapeutic modalities in treatment of PODC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Efficacy of Carboxytherapy, Plasma Gel Injection and Mesotherapy in Treatment of Periorbital Dark Circles

Shalash

Fawzy²,

Elfar³

et al. 2023

JAMMR

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“…Asc (vitamin C in primates), which is present the submillimolar range within cells, plays multiple roles not only by supporting a variety of enzymatic reactions in which redox reactions are involved but also in antioxidation [212]. As an important antioxidant, Asc has also been overviewed from the standpoint of chemical and biological reactions [213,214].…”

Section: Vitamin C Is a Hydrophilic Antioxidant But Suppresses Lipid ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide Radicals in the Execution of Cell Death

2022

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Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense against an oxidative insult by ROS. However, the resulting hydrogen peroxide is still reactive and, in the presence of free ferrous iron, may produce hydroxyl radicals and exacerbate diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the preferred target of hydroxyl radicals. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death induced by lipid peroxides in the presence of free iron, has attracted considerable interest because of its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Radical electrons, namely those released from mitochondrial electron transfer complexes, and those produced by enzymatic reactions, such as lipoxygenases, appear to cause lipid peroxidation. While GPX4 is the most potent anti-ferroptotic enzyme that is known to reduce lipid peroxides to alcohols, other antioxidative enzymes are also indirectly involved in protection against ferroptosis. Moreover, several low molecular weight compounds that include α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and nitric oxide also efficiently neutralize radical electrons, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. The removal of radical electrons in the early stages is of primary importance in protecting against ferroptosis and other diseases that are related to oxidative stress.

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“…There are currently three mice strains that lack either GULO, RGN, or AKR1A in the Asc synthesis pathway and two mice strains that lack the Asc transporters SVCT1 or SVCT2 [ 10 , 17 , 75 ]. They have been established by genetic modification and are applicable for use in studies on this issue.…”

Section: In Vivo Antioxidative Action Of Asc Revealed By Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review article, we attempt to overview roles of Asc as an antioxidant and also as a pro-oxidant under in vivo conditions, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology of genetically modified, Asc-incompetent mice and on cancer biology, so readers are referred to recent review articles [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 10 ] in order to understand the functional aspects of Asc in supporting enzymatic reactions, including hypoxic responses and epigenetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals

Fujii

Osaki

2022

Molecules

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Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.

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Ascorbate is a multifunctional micronutrient whose synthesis is lacking in primates

Cited by 10 publications

References 143 publications

Comparison between Efficacy of Carboxytherapy, Plasma Gel Injection and Mesotherapy in Treatment of Periorbital Dark Circles

Comparison between Efficacy of Carboxytherapy, Plasma Gel Injection and Mesotherapy in Treatment of Periorbital Dark Circles

Superoxide Radicals in the Execution of Cell Death

Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals

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