Ascites resulting from a ruptured perinephric pseudocyst associated with a renal cyst in a dog

Abstract

A three-year-old female spayed labrador retriever was presented with progressive abdominal enlargement due to ascites. Clinical examination, clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging and explorative laparotomy findings were suggestive of the contemporary presence of a ruptured perinephric pseudocyst, and an intraparenchymal renal cyst in the right kidney. The dog recovered well after exploratory celiotomy with complete resection of the pseudocyst and nephrectomy, and clinical signs resolved completely. Histopathology revealed the concomitant presence of a renal cyst, lined by epithelium of tubular origin, with a pseudocystic structure adjacent to the kidney. A congenital origin of these lesions was suggested. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing ascites as the clinical presentation of a ruptured perinephric pseudocyst in a dog. Although rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs presenting with ascites.

Use of intraoperative impression smear cytology to guide successful treatment of a large renal cyst in a dog: a case report

“…Clinical signs associated with canine RCs are nonspecific [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ], and oftentimes, they can be an incidental finding [ 1 2 ]. They are most commonly reported in middle-aged to older dogs [ 1 2 3 4 5 ], affecting both male [ 1 2 4 7 ] and female [ 2 3 5 8 ] dogs, as well as a variety of breeds [ 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 ]. Common examination findings in dogs with RCs include pyrexia, abdominal distension and pain, and systemic hypertension [ 5 6 ].…”

“…Abdominal radiographic findings include a mass effect in the mid abdomen in the region of the kidney [ 5 7 ]. Ultrasonographic findings include a well-delineated, round to ovoid, anechoic to hypoechoic structure within the cortex or medulla creating acoustic enhancement, with smooth borders, a hyperechoic and thin wall, and disruption of normal renal parenchyma [ 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 ].…”

“…Principal treatment options for RCs in dogs include percutaneous drainage [ 3 7 ], sclerotherapy [ 1 3 4 6 7 ], partial nephrectomy (deroofing/fenestration) combined with omentalisation [ 2 7 ], and ureteronephrectomy [ 5 8 ]. In cases with RCs in the contralateral kidney or chronic kidney disease, performing ureteronephrectomy could be associated with morbidity if such RCs were to increase in size and cause progressive renal insufficiency.…”

Perioperative characteristics, histologic diagnosis, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing percutaneous drainage, sclerotherapy or surgical management of intrarenal cystic lesions: 18 dogs (2004–2021)

“…Current literature involving RCs in dogs and cats is limited to only 6 case reports [ 1 , 3 – 7 ] and 1 retrospective case series [ 2 ]. Renal cystic lesions in dogs and cats are more frequently associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) or perinephric pseudocysts (PNPs) [ 4 , 8 – 15 ]. Polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary condition most commonly affecting Persian or Persian-related cats [ 16 , 17 ] but has also been described in Bull terriers, Cairn terriers and West Highland white terriers [ 8 – 13 ].…”

“…Conversely, PNPs, which are more commonly observed in cats, are fibrous fluid-filled cavities within the renal subcapsular or retroperitoneal space and lack an epithelial lining [ 14 , 15 , 20 – 26 ]. Only 2 cases of PNPs have been reported in dogs [ 4 , 27 ].…”