Abstract:A Reserva Biológica Marinha de Arvoredo compreende uma extensa área (17.800 ha), onde se elevam as ilhas do Arvoredo, Galé, Deserta e calhau de São Pedro. O levantamento de espécies de ascídias foi realizado por meio de mergulho autônomo m águas rasas (5-17 m de profundidade). Vinte e seis espécies são aqui registradas, entre as quais Lissoclinum perforatum (Giard, 1872), L. verrilli (Van Name, 1902) e Leptoclinides latus Monniot, 1983 representam novos registros para o Brasil, e outras 19 espécies representam… Show more
“…This review shows that, with 62 species, the SS region is a hotspot of ascidian diversity in Brazil, in comparison with species richness in other, well-studied, Brazilian states: Santa Catarina—39 (Rocha et al , 2005b, 2009); Paraná—32 (Rocha & Nasser, 1998; Rocha & Faria, 2005; Rocha & Kremer, 2005); Rio de Janeiro—47 (Millar, 1958; Simões, 1981; Lotufo, 2002; Rocha & Costa, 2005; Marins et al , 2010); and Ceará—33 (Lotufo, 2002; Lotufo & Silva, 2006; Oliveira-Filho, 2010). Species richness for ascidians in the SSC is also comparable to that in False Bay (58 species), the richest site in South Africa (Awad et al , 2002) and Bocas del Toro, Panamá (58 species), considered a very diverse region in the Caribbean (Rocha et al , 2005a).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Euherdmania vitrea is one of these species that occurs in areas deeper than 10 m and so was only occasionally found, mainly by dredging studies. Yet, the species is common in shallow (6–8 m) waters of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Rocha et al , 2005b), which suggests that the SS population could be a marginal, northern-most geographical limit for this species. In addition, species living in soft bottoms, such as Paraeugyrioides vannamei , have certainly been underestimated by our studies.…”
The city of São Sebastião (SS), in south-eastern Brazil, is one of the hotspots for marine research since the establishment of the Centre of Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo in the 1960s. The SS region experienced intense transformation during the past 50 years, including increasing urbanization and construction of maritime facilities. Ascidian surveys during the past 50 years have found 62 species, eight of which were described as new and 12 are introduced. Didemnidae and Styelidae are the most speciose families in São Sebastião Channel, with 20 and 15 species respectively. Phallusia nigra, Didemnum psammatodes, Trididemnum orbiculatum, Botrylloides nigrum and Symplegma rubra are the most common ascidians. Most of the species are of tropical origin and São Paulo is their southern geographical limit. Comparisons of reports of the ascidians from different time periods allowed detection of species introductions and shifts in assemblage structure in terms of both species composition and abundance. Additionally, we discuss the main taxonomic issues regarding ascidians from south-eastern Brazil and identify profitable areas for future research. We believe that the temporal data compiled here will serve as a baseline for monitoring and management of ascidians in SS. Additionally, this study provides one of the most detailed datasets of ascidian diversity from the south-western Atlantic Ocean.
“…This review shows that, with 62 species, the SS region is a hotspot of ascidian diversity in Brazil, in comparison with species richness in other, well-studied, Brazilian states: Santa Catarina—39 (Rocha et al , 2005b, 2009); Paraná—32 (Rocha & Nasser, 1998; Rocha & Faria, 2005; Rocha & Kremer, 2005); Rio de Janeiro—47 (Millar, 1958; Simões, 1981; Lotufo, 2002; Rocha & Costa, 2005; Marins et al , 2010); and Ceará—33 (Lotufo, 2002; Lotufo & Silva, 2006; Oliveira-Filho, 2010). Species richness for ascidians in the SSC is also comparable to that in False Bay (58 species), the richest site in South Africa (Awad et al , 2002) and Bocas del Toro, Panamá (58 species), considered a very diverse region in the Caribbean (Rocha et al , 2005a).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Euherdmania vitrea is one of these species that occurs in areas deeper than 10 m and so was only occasionally found, mainly by dredging studies. Yet, the species is common in shallow (6–8 m) waters of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Rocha et al , 2005b), which suggests that the SS population could be a marginal, northern-most geographical limit for this species. In addition, species living in soft bottoms, such as Paraeugyrioides vannamei , have certainly been underestimated by our studies.…”
The city of São Sebastião (SS), in south-eastern Brazil, is one of the hotspots for marine research since the establishment of the Centre of Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo in the 1960s. The SS region experienced intense transformation during the past 50 years, including increasing urbanization and construction of maritime facilities. Ascidian surveys during the past 50 years have found 62 species, eight of which were described as new and 12 are introduced. Didemnidae and Styelidae are the most speciose families in São Sebastião Channel, with 20 and 15 species respectively. Phallusia nigra, Didemnum psammatodes, Trididemnum orbiculatum, Botrylloides nigrum and Symplegma rubra are the most common ascidians. Most of the species are of tropical origin and São Paulo is their southern geographical limit. Comparisons of reports of the ascidians from different time periods allowed detection of species introductions and shifts in assemblage structure in terms of both species composition and abundance. Additionally, we discuss the main taxonomic issues regarding ascidians from south-eastern Brazil and identify profitable areas for future research. We believe that the temporal data compiled here will serve as a baseline for monitoring and management of ascidians in SS. Additionally, this study provides one of the most detailed datasets of ascidian diversity from the south-western Atlantic Ocean.
“…In southeastern and southern Brazil, it can be found along the seashores of the states of São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC) (Rocha and Nasser, 1998) It grows mainly on rocky substrates, at depths > 4m (Seleghim et al, 2007). Specimens with variable body colors represent the species, with orange or brick red the predominant color of the larger, and white or beige of the smaller colonies (Rocha et al, 2005). A previous taxonomic study did not find patterns of different morphotypes based in color representing distinct species in ascidians of New Caledonia (Monniot et al, 1991).…”
Didemnum granulatum is a colonial fouling ascidian that lives in subtidal substrates, worldwide. It exhibits two morphotypes, orange and beige. In this study, we verified if the color morphotypes and/or the spatial distribution of specimens in different islands might be associated to patterns of genetic structure of a single species, or if they represent distinct cryptic species. Specimens were collected in four islands, along the coast of the Santa Catarina state. A segment of 490 bp from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was amplified from 45 samples. Twenty-one haplotypes were identified. The total haplotype diversity (0.912) and the total nucleotide diversity (0.044) were high. The global Fst of the populations analyzed was 0.97, with most of the variation occurring between orange and beige groups (82.19%). The variation found between populations within groups was 15.37%, and 2.45% within populations. Haplotype networks and the neighbor-joining tree showed clear genetic divergence between individuals of distinct colors, and between the islands. These evidences strongly support the presence of a complex of two cryptic species for D. granulatum occupying the studied area. Both species were also highly genetically structured between islands, suggesting that the conservation process of these populations is complex.Keywords: ascidian, genetic diversity, population structure, islands, cryptic species. Palavras-chave: ascídia, diversidade genética, estrutura de população, ilhas, espécies crípticas.
Espécies crípticas e estrutura genética em
“…Nowadays, its geographical distribution includes also Brazilian and Venezuelan coasts (Rodrigues et al, 1998 as Aplidium sp. ;Rocha et al, 2005Rocha et al, , 2010Bouzon et al, 2012), where it was possibly introduced, as hypothesized by (Fig. 1A).…”
The aplousobranch ascidian Aplidium accarense (Millar, 1953) was first described on the western coast of Africa, where it is considered native. Afterwards, this species was introduced along south-American Atlantic coasts, where it affected local shellfish farms through a massive colonization of both natural and artificial substrata. Aplidium accarense has been recently reported along Catalan coasts and in the Tyrrhenian Seas (Western Mediterranean) where it represents a non-indigenous species, only recorded in harbours and aquaculture farms thus far. These Mediterranean records support the hypothesis that A. accarense is currently expanding within the basin, representing a potential invasive species. In this study, several colonies of A. accarense were found for the first time on artificial substrata within the semi-enclosed basin of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Italy, Ionian Sea), in the Eastern Mediterranean. Here we provide an updated description of A. accarense combining both morphological and molecular approaches, in order to allow an accurate and reliable identification of this expanding species. Comparing the morphology of the specimens collected from Taranto with the previous descriptions, a slight intra-specific variability has been noticed. Therefore, we provide detailed comparisons of the specimens found in Taranto with all the other A. accarense sampled in other areas of the world, in order to highlight the intra-species variability. The correct identification of a potentially-dangerous species such as A. accarense, represents a needed step for environmental monitoring purposes and for implementing management strategies to mitigate the effects of non-indigenous species on natural ecosystems and human activities.
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