Ascending Projections of the Superior Colliculus in the Cat

Niimi, Kahee; Miki, Michihiro; Kawamura, Syosuke

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.47.5_269

Cited by 102 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Whether there is a direct connexion between these afferents and the special complex cell is still an open question, but it is intriguing that this may represent another link in an interconnected system of cells that are involved with collicular function. The superior colliculus receives input from the special complex cells (Palmer & Rosenquist, 1974); the colliculus and the C laminae have similar retinal afferents (Hoffman & Stone, 1973;Fukuda & Stone, 1974;Kelly & Gilbert, 1975;Cleland et al 1975;Wilson & Stone, 1975); and the two structures are connected with each other (Niimi, Miki & Kawamura, 1970;Graybiel, 1971). These pathways probably form the neuronal substrate for the 'two visual systems' that were demonstrated with behavioural studies (Schneider, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex

Gilbert

1977

The Journal of Physiology

643

461

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SUMMARY1. Cells in area 17 of the cat visual cortex were studied with a view towards correlating receptive field properties with layering. A number of receptive field parameters were measured for all units, and nearly every unit was marked with a microlesion to determine accurately the layer in which it was found.2. Cells were defined as simple or complex by mapping with stationary stimuli, using the criteria of Hubel & Wiesel (1962). Complex cells fell into two groups: those that showed summation for increased slit length (standard complex) and those that did not (special complex). 3. The simple cells were located in the deep part of layer 3, in layer 4, and in layer 6. This corresponds to the distribution of afferents from the dorsal layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. In these cortical layers the simple cells differed primarily with respect to their receptive field size, cells in layer 4 having the smallest, layer 3 intermediate, and layer 6 the largest fields. Layer 4 was the only layer in which simple cells showed endinhibition (a reduction in response to slits extending beyond the excitatory portion of the receptive field).4. The standard complex cells were found in all layers, but were quite scarce in layer 4. As with the simple cells, field size varied with layer: in layer 2 + 3 they had small to intermediate field sizes, in layer 5 intermediate, and in layer 6 very large. Layer 6 cells showed summation for slits of increased length up to very large values, and responded best when the slits were centred in the receptive field.The only standard complex cells that showed end-inhibition were those in layer 2 + 3, and these were similar to the layer 4 simple cells in terms of proportion of end-inhibited units and degree of end-inhibition.5. The special complex cells, originally described by Palmer & Rosenquist (1974), were found in two tiers: the upper one at the layer 3/layer 4 border and the lower one in layer 5. They were different from the standard complex cells in having a high spontaneous activity, high velocity preference, and large fields which were similar in size (at a given eccentricity) from one cell to the next. Many showed reduced response to slits of increasing length, even for slits that did not extend beyond the borders of the responsive region.6. Cells in layer 6 (the origin of the corticogeniculate projection) were antidromically activated from the lateral geniculate nucleus. The antidromically activated units included both simple and complex cells, and they had the long receptive fields characteristic of the overall population of cells in layer 6.7. The results showed that there are different types of simple and complex cells, and that cells in different layers have different properties. Taken together with their differences in site of projection, this demonstrates that the anatomical lamination pattern is reflected in functional differences between cells in different layers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex

Gilbert

1977

The Journal of Physiology

643

461

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“…In contrast, in the LPm, only a small bias for such movement was apparent. This comparative symmetry could be due to a "balancing" input from the contralateral colliculus (Niimi et al, 1970). However, the number of collicular cells which project across the midline is minute (B. P. Abramson and L. M. Chalupa, manuscript in preparation), so that it is unlikely that this connection could explain the substantial proportion of LPm cells which prefer movement into the ipsilateral visual field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual response properties in the tectorecipient zone of the cat's lateral posterior-pulvinar complex: a comparison with the superior colliculus

Chalupa¹,

Williams²,

Hughes³

1983

J. Neurosci.

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The medial portion of the cat's lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LPm) receives a prominent ascending projection from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. This region of the thalamus has been suggested to serve as a relay by which visual information from the midbrain could be conveyed to extrastriate cortex. In order to determine how the functional organization within the LPm compares with that of the superior colliculus, visual response properties of LPm and superior collicular neurons were examined under identical experimental conditions. The majority of neurons in the LPm, as in the superior colliculus, respond vigorously to moving stimuli, and a substantial proportion of these cells also exhibit a preference for movements in a particular direction. Furthermore, most cells in the LPm, in common with those of the tectum, respond only in a phasic manner to flashed stimuli, have homogeneous receptive field organization, and show response suppression to stimuli larger than the activating region of the receptive field. As in the colliculus, the ipsilateral visual field is represented in the LPm. In spite of these similarities, there are also some striking differences between the visual responses of LPm and collicular neurons. First, the average size of receptive fields of neurons within the LPm is at least twice that of units in the superficial gray layers of the tectum. Second, more cells in the colliculus are directionally selective than those in the LPm, and the distribution of preferred directions is different in the two regions. Third, an appreciable proportion (27%) of the cells in the LPm are orientation selective, whereas this response property is only rarely encountered in the cat's tectum. Fourth, many LPm neurons can only be activated by binocular stimulation, whereas most collicular units respond equally well to stimulation of either eye. Collectively, these findings indicate that there is a substantial transformation in the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex of the ascending visual influx provided by the superior colliculus.

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“…It seems likely that projections from the superior colliculus represent the afferent pathway to the inferior pulvinar nucleus [Niimi et al, 1970b]. Thus, the retina -superior colliculus -inferior pulvinar nucleusareas 19 and Clare-Bishop may form important extrageniculate visual pathways.…”

Section: Area 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The projections of the superior collicu lus to lamina B (C1-C2) were first de scribed by Niimi et al [1970b]. Thus, the pathways from the superior colliculus through lamina B of GLd to area 19 may form an important link of visual pathways to area 19.…”

Section: Area 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic Afferents to the Visual Cortex in the Cat Studied by Retrograde Axonal Transport of Horseradish Peroxidase; pp. 127–139

Niimi¹,

Matsuoka²,

Yamazaki³

et al. 1981

Brain Behav Evol

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Thalamic projections to visual areas 17, 18 and 19, and neighboring supra-sylvian cortex have been studied using the HRP method. Area 17 receives fibers mostly from the main laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLd). Area 18 receives inputs mainly from the central and medial interlaminar nuclei (NIC, NIM), and partly from laminae of GLd. Area 19 receives fibers principally from lamina B (C1–C2) and NIM of GLd. In addition, areas 17, 18 and 19 receive a few fibers from extrageniculate thalamic nuclei, particularly the pulvinar and intralaminar nuclei.

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Ascending Projections of the Superior Colliculus in the Cat

Cited by 102 publications

References 22 publications

Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex

Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex

Visual response properties in the tectorecipient zone of the cat's lateral posterior-pulvinar complex: a comparison with the superior colliculus

Thalamic Afferents to the Visual Cortex in the Cat Studied by Retrograde Axonal Transport of Horseradish Peroxidase; pp. 127–139

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