Ascaris and Allergy

Caraballo, Luis

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396978-1.00002-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The complete elimination of parasites in natural hosts is not commonly seen, probably because a protective and immunomodulatory response is established that does not eradicate the parasite but limits its reproduction and damaging effects (Zakzuk et al ., 2018). According to genetic considerations, it is theoretically possible for one group of the population to undergo a self-cure process and another group to be intensely infected (Caraballo, 2013).…”

Section: The Role Of Immunomodulation In Host–parasite Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin

2021

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Section: The Role Of Immunomodulation In Host–parasite Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin

2021

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“…Besides, there is a more general topic: the evolutionary relationship between parasite immune responses and immune mechanisms of allergy, a field with several hypotheses that can be advantageously tested in the tropics. In this regard, we have remarked that a fundamental unresolved question is whether current genotypes predisposing to allergic response were selected by helminth infections or, to the contrary, these genotypes (shaped by factors different to parasites) generated resistance and exerted a selective pressure on them, in such a way that those with better immunomodulatory capacity survived as parasites . This possibility seems to be more in agreement with a general basis of parasitism, which considers that the success of parasitic relationships depends on both the parasite virulence and the host resistance (Figure ).…”

Section: Genetics Of the Ige Responses To Ascaris And House Dust Mitementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Helminthiases jeopardize the diagnosis of allergy not only because sometimes they induce allergy symptoms but also because the similar immune responses can confound laboratory parameters such as total IgE and blood/sputum eosinophilia (reviewed in Ref. ) and (theoretically) other eosinophil‐related biomarkers such as exhaled nitric oxide and eosinophil cationic protein. Under these circumstances, specific IgE remains the most appropriate biomarker for allergy diagnosis in the tropics, although in some cases the cross‐reactivity between HDM and Ascaris components can interfere the serological diagnosis.…”

Section: Immunological and Clinical Influences Of Ascariasis On Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascariasis as a model to study the helminth/allergy relationships

Caraballo

Acevedo

Zakzuk

2018

Parasite Immunology

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Summary Ascariasis is the most frequent soil transmitted helminthiasis and, as well as other helminth infections, is expected to influence the clinical presentation of allergic diseases such as asthma. Indeed, several clinical and experimental works have shown an important impact either increasing or suppressing symptoms, and the same effects have been detected on the underlying immune responses. In this review we analyze the work on this field performed in Colombia, a Latin American tropical country, including aspects such as the molecular genetics of the IgE response to Ascaris; the allergenic activity of Ascaris IgE‐binding molecular components and the immunological and clinical influences of ascariasis on asthma. The analysis allows us to conclude that the impact of ascariasis on the inception and evolution of allergic diseases such as asthma deserves more investigation, but advances have been made during the last years. The concurrent parasite‐induced immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects during this helminthiasis do modify the natural history of asthma and some aspects of the practice of allergology in the tropics. Theoretically it can also influence the epidemiological trends of allergic diseases either by its absence or presence in different regions and countries.

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“…This has been followed by epidemiological reports that, using several approaches, have shown that ascariasis is a risk factor for asthma [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. However, although there is abundant scientific literature supporting the boosting effect of ascariasis on allergic responses [5, 63- (Table 2), a number of questions remain regarding the mechanisms for inducing an increased allergic response and asthma symptoms in a condition naturally accompanied by immunosuppression (reviewed in [99,100]). The answers could be related to several factors such as the permanent co-exposure to both HDM and A. lumbricoides that induces an enhanced Th2 response, cross reactivity between Ascaris and HDM allergens, nonspecific boosting of the allergic responses by Ascaris components, and intermittent Ascaris infections and deworming campaigns.…”

Section: The Complex Relationship Between Ascariasis and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Ascariasis Increases the Allergic Response and Allergic Symptoms

2015

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Ascariasis is still very prevalent; one billion people are infected all around the world. In rural areas, severe ascariasis impairs the immune responses to natural infections and vaccination programs. However, in urbanized areas, improved hygiene conditions and periodic anthelmintic treatments have led to light forms of ascariasis, where parasite-induced immunosuppressive effects are surpassed by the immunostimulating effects of the infection. During the last years, the clinical impact of this type of ascariasis on allergic diseases, especially asthma, has been well documented, and it is currently accepted that this relationship should be considered when analyzing allergy prevalence in tropical and temperate countries. This review focuses on the emerging evidence that supports the stimulatory effects of ascariasis on the allergic responses and its clinical importance. Advances on the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in helminth immunity and allergy pathogenesis as well as new genetic findings supporting the links between helminthiases and allergy are discussed. We show that ascariasis, beyond its known effects on human health, is able to modify the natural history of asthma, increasing Th2 responses and IgE synthesis to cross-reactive and speciesspecific mite allergens, being a risk factor for asthma and asthma severity.

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Ascaris and Allergy

Cited by 7 publications

References 172 publications

Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin

Helminth-derived cystatins: the immunomodulatory properties of an Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin

Ascariasis as a model to study the helminth/allergy relationships

Human Ascariasis Increases the Allergic Response and Allergic Symptoms

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