“…The data were collected from Bilibili using a digital ethnographic method for collecting qualitative data online (Pink, 2016). Bilibili is a video-sharing website where users can submit, view, share, and add commentary subtitles on videos, and has been broadly used in research over the past decade (Chen & Yang, 2023; Chen, 2021; Ding et al, 2022; Schneider, 2021; Teng & Chan, 2021; Wang, 2022; Yang, 2020; Yin & Fung, 2017; Zhang & Cassany, 2020; Zhang, 2020). Founded in 2010, Bilibili is themed around animation, comics, and gaming (ACG) culture, and is one of the most popular websites among China's youth.…”