As a Staple Food Substitute, Oat and Buckwheat Compound Has Health-Promoting Effects for Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Dietary intervention is crucial for the prevention and control of diabetes. China has the largest diabetic population in the world, yet no one dietary strategy matches the eating habits of the Chinese people. To explore an effective and acceptable dietary pattern, this study uses oat and buckwheat compound (OBC) as a staple food substitute and explored its effects on diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats. The model of diabetic rats was established by combining high-calorie feed and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The dietary intervention for the seven groups, including a normal control group, a model control group, a metformin control group, a wheat flour control group, and three OBC groups with different doses, started from the beginning of the experiment and lasted for 11 weeks, two consecutive injections of STZ in small doses were operated at the 6th week. General states, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism indexes were measured. Antioxidant and inflammatory indexes and pathologic changes of kidney and liver tissues were tested. Changes in kidney and ileum ultramicrostructure were detected. What's more, ileal epithelial tight junction proteins and gut microbiota were analyzed. Significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were observed in rats intervened with OBC, and these rats also showed a higher level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) together with improved lipid metabolism, attenuated inflammation, and liver and kidney injuries. In addition, in OBC groups, the intestinal barrier was improved, and the disturbance of gut microbiota was reduced. These results suggest that OBC has health-promoting effects for diabetic rats, and since oat and buckwheat are traditionally consumed grains in China, OBC could be a potential and easy-to-accept staple food substitute for the dietary pattern for Chinese.

Carbohydrate intake quality and gestational diabetes mellitus, and the modifying effect of air pollution

“…A recent systematic review has indicated that higher quality carbohydrate intake during pregnancy can control blood glucose levels in GDM patients ( 31 ). An intervention experiment has indicated that oat and buckwheat compounds decrease the fasting glucose levels in diabetic rats ( 32 ). A clinical trial has reported that carbohydrate counting and adherence to the DASH diet decreases fasting blood glucose levels in GDM with metformin therapy ( 30 ).…”

Ameliorative and Antioxidative Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum-Fermented Oat (Avena sativa) and Fermented Oat Supplemented with Sidr Honey against Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

“…Interestingly enough, an increase in T. Protein and albumin levels, concomitant with decreases in urea and BUN levels, were highly significant after administering HFOE2 compared to all other groups. In a previous study [ 66 ], kidney function parameters were recovered to a normal state after the intervention of oats [ 68 ]. Oat extract was related to a reduction in the liver’s glucose production and increased insulin secretion, which is associated with improved kidney functions [ 64 , 67 ].…”