Arylxanthones and arylacridones: a synthetic overview

Abstract

Arylxanthones and arylacridones although not yet found in nature are becoming an important group of heterocyclic compounds due to their promising biological activities. Their central cores, xanthone and acridone, are recognized as interesting motifs for drug development mainly to be used in antitumour chemotherapy. The synthesis of this type of compounds is still scarce but several successful examples were recently published and a large variety of arylated xanthone and acridone derivatives were prepared. A systematic survey of the literature dedicated to their synthesis will be presented and discussed in this review.

A comprehensive review on xanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors

“…From all the xanthone-type compounds 163e170 isolated from the twigs of Maclura fruticosa, none of them exhibited inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase, at the tested experimental conditions (Table 6) [24]. Apart from the derivative 179 (IC 50 ¼ 72.2 mM), all xanthones were better inhibitors, with IC 50 ranging from 1.7 to 30.7 mM, than the positive control deoxynojirimycin (IC 50 ¼ 39.5 mM).…”

Recent advances in the synthesis of xanthones and azaxanthones

“…The first methods for the synthesis of xanthones were introduced by Michael and Kostanecki in 1883-1891 81,82 and in the 20 th century and until 2012 several extensive reviews have reported the state of the art regarding the synthesis of xanthones. 9,10,83,84 More recently reviews have focused on the synthesis of a very specific class of derivatives like carboxyxanthones, 85 hydroxanthones, 86 arylxanthones, 87 and thioxanthones 88 and, although azaxanthones have demonstrated therapeutic potential and interest as sensitizing chromophores, [89][90][91][92][93][94] their reports in medicinal chemistry are still sparse in the literature. Therefore, in this review, the recent exploitation of both scaffolds was considered from a medicinal chemistry point of view, with advanced synthetic methodologies applied for obtaining bioactive derivatives being displayed in the sections below.…”

Hepes Buffer Mediated Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-3,3-Dimethyl-9-Arylacridin-1-Ones

“…14 Because of the wide spectrum of medicinal activity chemists have attempted to synthesize acridine derivatives by several ways that have been discussed in the reported review and multi-step synthetic routes under different reaction conditions and use of various reagents by conventional and non-conventional as well. 15 Some multicomponent methodologies have also been reported, like protic pyridinium ionic liquid, 16 L-proline, 17 nano ferrite 18 , etc. However, aspects of green chemistry need some more effort that could develop sustainable protocols.…”