Arylcyclohexamines (Ketamine, Phencyclidine, and Analogues)

Ho, James H; Dargan, Paul I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_124-1

Cited by 2 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 303 publications

(414 reference statements)

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“…However, it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse psychological effects that were often disturbing and sometimes severe and prolonged [230][231][232][233][234][235]. It was reintroduced as an animal tranquillizer in the late 1960s [232,234,236]. The first report of recreational use of the drug was in the late 1960s in San Francisco under the name of "peace pill" [236].…”

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reintroduced as an animal tranquillizer in the late 1960s [232,234,236]. The first report of recreational use of the drug was in the late 1960s in San Francisco under the name of "peace pill" [236]. Even though PCP was the first synthesized arylcyclohexylamine, other compounds had been reported before.…”

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, many more have been published (Supplementary Material Table S4). Still, the use of three compounds was prominent, considered to be in the first generation of phenylcyclohexyl analogues: PCE, TCP, and 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl) pyrrolidine (PCPy) [230,231,236,237].…”

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no evidence of long-term neurotoxicity or prolonged unfavorable psychological effects when used in a controlled clinical setting. This analogue is popular worldwide and has several therapeutic applications, including general anaesthesia, analgesia, depression, psychiatric treatment, and veterinary use [231,234,236,237,241]. In 2019, the FDA approved a new nasal spray medication for the treatment of depression, containing esketamine, an S-enantiomer of ketamine [242].…”

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health

Simão

Antunes

Cabral

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The emergence of new psychoactive substances has earned a great deal of attention, and several reports of acute poisoning and deaths have been issued involving, for instance, synthetic opiates. In recent years, there have been profound alterations in the legislation concerning consumption, marketing, and synthesis of these compounds; rapid alert systems have also been subject to changes, and new substances and new markets, mainly through the internet, have appeared. Their effects and how they originate in consumers are still mostly unknown, primarily in what concerns chronic toxicity. This review intends to provide a detailed description of these substances from the point of view of consumption, toxicokinetics, and health consequences, including case reports on intoxications in order to help researchers and public health agents working daily in this area.

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Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phencyclidine Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health

Simão

Antunes

Cabral

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ketamine is a dissociative arycyclohexylamine derivative and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor [ 1 , 2 ]. The hypothesized mechanism of action for ketamine’s antidepressant effects include direct effects of NMDA receptor antagonism as well as additional mechanisms which may include ketamine metabolites [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case series of group-based ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for patients in residential treatment for eating disorders with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders

Robison

Lafrance²,

Brendle

et al. 2022

J Eat Disord

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Background Depression and anxiety outcome measures, safety/tolerability, patient satisfaction, and ease of implementation of group-based ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (G-KAP) delivered to patients in intensive residential eating disorder (ED) treatment were assessed. Case presentation This study reports on five participants with a diagnosis of an ED and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders who received weekly intramuscular ketamine injections in a group setting over 4 weeks. Measures of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) were administered pre-dose, 4-h post-dose, and 24-h post dose. Four of the 5 participants experienced clinically significant improvements on the PHQ-9 score (i.e., change greater than 5) while 2 of the 5 participants experienced clinically significant improvements on the GAD-7 score (i.e., change greater than 4) from pre-dose to 24-h post-dose after the last ketamine session. Dosing sessions were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. Clinical observations and participant reports corroborated improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms, good tolerability of ketamine treatment, and practical implementation of the G-KAP protocol in a residential ED treatment center. Conclusions This study suggests the potential utility of G-KAP as an adjunct to intensive, specialized ED treatment. Overall, this novel, cross-diagnostic intervention warrants future research to further explore its appropriateness in a treatment setting.

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Arylcyclohexamines (Ketamine, Phencyclidine, and Analogues)

Cited by 2 publications

References 303 publications

An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health

An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health

A case series of group-based ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for patients in residential treatment for eating disorders with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders

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