Arylbenzofuran Lignans from the Seeds of Arctium lappa and Their Bioactivity

Arctium lappa (Burdock): Insights from ethnopharmacology potential, chemical constituents, clinical studies, pharmacological utility and nanomedicine

“…A. lappa L., is also called Niubang in Chinese, gobo in Japanese, burdock in English and repejnik in Russian, and this plant has been cultivated in China, Japan, and Korea as a root vegetable or traditional herb medicinal plant for centuries, remaining popular unto the present day. Its seeds, known as Niubangzi, have been used widely as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent [3]. The root has been used in Russian traditional medicine as a diuretic and diaphoretic [2].…”

“…Notably, the A. lappa plant has several common names according to its origin. For example, in China it is referred to as Niubang, in Japanese it is called gobo, and in Russia it is known as repejnik [2,3]. For a long time and across various cultures, burdock has received a great deal of attention in folk medicine; and has been used to improve well-being, treat fever, dizziness, throat pain, infection, diabetes, diuretic, anti-inflammation, toothache, swelling, boils, cuts, wounds and hair loss [4].…”

Phenolic Compounds in Bacterial Inactivation: A Perspective from Brazil

“…Regarding the structure activities of the lignans, the substituents and the absolute configuration in the hydrofuran rings seem to affect the antibacterial activity in these compounds, and the presence of methoxyl groups in the C-9 and C-9′ positions can cause the inactivation of the compound against Gram-positive bacteria [ 152 ]. Although there are lignans that are reported to have antibacterial activity [ 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 ], studies relating to the structure-activity of these compounds are scarce.…”

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy of Antimicrobial Agents

“…Regarding the structure activities of the lignans, the substituents and the absolute configuration in the hydrofuran rings seem to affect the antibacterial activity in these compounds, and the presence of methoxyl groups in the C-9 and C-9 positions can cause the inactivation of the compound against Gram-positive bacteria [152]. Although there are lignans that are reported to have antibacterial activity [153][154][155][156], studies relating to the structure-activity of these compounds are scarce. positions of the substituent groups on the aromatic ring, the length of the side chain, and the unsaturations influence the increase or decrease of the antibacterial activity of phenolic acids [147].…”

“…Regarding the structure activities of the lignans, the substituents and the absolute configuration in the hydrofuran rings seem to affect the antibacterial activity in these compounds, and the presence of methoxyl groups in the C-9 and C-9′ positions can cause the inactivation of the compound against Gram-positive bacteria [152]. Although there are lignans that are reported to have antibacterial activity [153][154][155][156], studies relating to the structure-activity of these compounds are scarce. (34), lyoniresinol (35), Acid 3,3 -dimethoxyellagic acid-4-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (36), (E)-methyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate (37), (E)ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate (38), 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl) chromane (39), aucuparin (40).…”