Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay

Machala, Miroslav; Vondráček, Jan; Bláha, Luděk; Cigánek, Miroslav; Neča, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00240-6

Cited by 288 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Of the six PAHs studied, only 1-methylphenantrene is not completely planar because of the methyl substitution and this may explain its inability to ligand to the Ah receptor. However, even non-substituted tricyclic PAHs such as anthracene, pyrene and fluorene (Ayrton et al, 1990;Shimada et al, 2002;Piskorska-Plizczynska et al, 1986;Machala et al, 2001) are poor ligands of the Ah receptor and at best weak CYP1A inducers, raising the possibility that molecular size is an important factor. For this reason, molecular size and electronic parameters were calculated for each PAH used in the current studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CYP1, however, is probably the most inducible CYP family, at least in terms of induction observed, being up-regulated by planar compounds in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of animals and humans (Ioannides and Parke, 1990;Christou et al, 1995). This up-regulation of CYP1 is regulated by the Ah (aryl hydrocarbon) receptor, and a number of studies have shown that CYP1-inducing PAHs are good ligands for this receptor (Cheung et al, 1993;Machala et al, 2001;PiskorskaPlizczynska et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Up-regulation of CYP1A/B in rat lung and liver, and human liver precision-cut slices by a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; association with the Ah locus and importance of molecular size

Pushparajah

Umachandran

Nazir

et al. 2008

Toxicology in Vitro

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-regulation of CYP1A/B in rat lung and liver, and human liver precision-cut slices by a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; association with the Ah locus and importance of molecular size

Pushparajah

Umachandran

Nazir

et al. 2008

Toxicology in Vitro

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“…Activation of the AhR is the key determinant in mediating the toxic and biochemical effects of dioxins and related PAHs (i.e., their carcinogenicity and endocrine-disrupting effects) (Machala et al 2001). The value of measuring AhR activation is that it is integrative, taking into account atmospheric and biologic transformation of parent compounds, antagonistic or synergistic effects within the cell, and the ability to sum the biologic effects of xenobiotics, which is difficult to accomplish by chemical analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of particulate organic matter from the Paso del Norte airshed along the U.S.-Mexico border.

Arrieta

Ontiveros

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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In this study, we determined the biologic activity of dichloromethane-extracted particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) obtained from filters at three sites in the Paso del Norte airshed, which includes El Paso, Texas, USA; Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Sunland Park, New Mexico, USA. The extracts were rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and had significant biologic activity, measured using two in vitro assay systems: ethoxyresorufin-(O-deethylase (EROD) induction and the aryl hydrocarbon-receptor luciferase reporter system. In most cases, both EROD (5.25 pmol/min/mg protein) and luciferase activities (994 relative light units/mg) were highest in extracts from the Advance site located in an industrial neighborhood in Juarez. These values represented 58% and 55%, respectively, of induction associated with 1 micro M ss-naphthoflavone exposures. In contrast, little activity was observed at the Northeast Clinic site in El Paso, the reference site. In most cases, luciferase and EROD activity from extracts collected from the Tillman Health Center site, situated in downtown El Paso, fell between those observed at the other two sites. Overall, a statistically significant correlation existed between PM10 and EROD and luciferase activities. Chemical analysis of extracts collected from the Advance site demonstrated that concentrations of most PAHs were higher than those reported in most other metropolitan areas in the United States. Calculations made with these data suggest a cancer risk of 5-12 cases per 100,000 people. This risk estimate, as well as comparisons with the work of other investigators, raises concern regarding the potential for adverse health effects to the residents of this airshed. Further work is needed to understand the sources, exposure, and effects of PM10 and particulate organic material in the Paso del Norte airshed.

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“…The carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of these compounds are recognized, with benzo [a]pyrene (BAP) being the most widely studied; in fact the European Union (EU) has set limit values for the total BAP content in the PM 10 fraction in ambient air averaged over a calendar year at 1 ng m À3 ] (Machala et al, 2001;Pufulete et al, 2004). PAHs are semi-to low-volatile and lipophilic organic pollutants generated by hydrolysis and incomplete combustion of organic material, and the carbonization process (Shi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratios and molecular markers for residential wood combustion: Temuco, a case study

Cereceda-Balic

Fadic

Llanos

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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It is known that residential wood combustion (RWC) is an important source of fine particle emissions. The purpose of this work was to characterize the chemical composition of the particulate matter present in the Temuco urban atmosphere during winter, specifically the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile, because PAHs are considered to be among the key compounds in particulate matter toxicity. During the 2008 winter monitoring campaign, samples of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 10 (PM 10 ) and 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) mm were taken on days with contamination episodes. Sixteen U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PAH compounds were extracted with toluene and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that phenantrene was the predominant compound associated with particulate matter, at a concentration range between 300 and 600 ng m À3 , 18 times higher than the second most abundant PAH compound. High-molecular-mass compounds such as dibenz [a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene were also found, but they were minorities in the set. It was recognized from the PAH concentration ratios of the Temuco atmospheric aerosol that the main contamination source was in fact residential wood combustion; although not all the concentration ratios evaluated match the reported reference values, probably due to the kind of biomass used, the characteristics of Chilean heating appliances and climate.Implications: The study results suggest that if molecular markers (MMs) and concentration ratios (CRs) are dependent on the type of firewood and combustion processes specific to each location, among others factors, then the values of these indicators could be applicable with caution between different areas, although not necessarily they must be totally in accord. Moreover, having representative values of MM and CR of each place, it will achieve a better estimation of the source importance and concentrate the monitoring and the control strategies. Regulatory organizations in each country can have more reliable information and optimize financial and human resources, enabling it to reduce air pollution and improve the health of population.

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay

Cited by 288 publications

References 28 publications

Up-regulation of CYP1A/B in rat lung and liver, and human liver precision-cut slices by a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; association with the Ah locus and importance of molecular size

Up-regulation of CYP1A/B in rat lung and liver, and human liver precision-cut slices by a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; association with the Ah locus and importance of molecular size

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of particulate organic matter from the Paso del Norte airshed along the U.S.-Mexico border.

Obtaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratios and molecular markers for residential wood combustion: Temuco, a case study

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